The 1970s!
Politics
Richard Nixon Wins 1968 election
Political Parties Clear shift: Republicans=Conservative Democrats=Liberal
Nixon Self-proclaimed Conservative Many Liberal programs: Extension of Voting Rights Act Title IX Created EPA Passed Endangered Species Act Billions spent on social programs
Secretive Freeze List Enemies List
Vietnam Continued bombing North Vietnam Bombed Cambodia Entanglements with Cambodia
Vietnam “Vietnamization” Gradual withdrawal of American troops
My Lai Massacre 1968 Am soldiers massacred about 500 Vietnamese civilians Covered up until 1970 14 officers tried in court, only 1 convicted
Anti-War Protests
https://www. youtube. com/watch. v=Ld6fAO4idaI https://www. youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ld6fAO4idaI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xXnPKMJa6VY
Kent State University
4 killed by National Guard
Détente Add to terms list!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
1973 Cease-fire signed by US and North Vietnam, troops removed
1973 Nixon visits China US and China had been at odds since 1949 (Communism)
Nixon and Mao Zedong
1972 Nixon visits Soviet Union Nixon and Leonid Brezhnev: Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT I) Limiting nuclear weapon supplies
Cultural Movements
1960s-1970s African Americans Women Latinos American Indians White counter-culture members
Women
Stuff you need to know Protest Miss USA Pageant Lawsuits against businesses for hiring practices Launching Ms. Magazine (Gloria Steinam) Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique
Roe Vs. Wade Right to abortion with certain guidelines Privacy clause of Constitution
National Organization for Women (NOW) Fought for Equal Rights Amendment Passed in Congress Not enough states ratified it Still don’t have it today
Phyllis Schlafly “The feminist movement is just not compatible with happiness. They are not for equality; they want to kill everything masculine.” “Sexual harassment on the job is not a problem for virtuous women.” “Birth on U.S. territory has never been an absolute claim to citizenship.” “Feminism is doomed failure because it is based on an attempt to repeal and restructure human nature.” “Sex education classes are like in-home sales parties for abortions.”
Hispanics
Farm Labor Mexicans (Bracero Program) Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta
American Indians
American Indian Movement (AIM) Occupation of Alcatraz Siege at Wounded Knee
Gay Rights
Stonewall Riot
Progress 1973: American Psychological Association removed homosexuality from list of disorders Election of openly gay individuals: Stewart McKinney, Harvey Milk
Backlash Milk assassinated in 1978
Counterculture
Woodstock- 1969 “In essence, Woodestock became a symbol of the nation’s countercultural movement. The movement featured drugs and music that was anti-war and psychedelic.” Half a million attended
Conservative Backlash
Religious Right Movement Pat Robertson Jerry Falwell
Moral Majority “pro-life, pro-family, pro-morality, and pro-America”
Economics
50s and 60s prosperity
70s Unemployment and inflation rise Economy struggles
OPEC Controversy in Middle East Raise oil prices Gas/heating costs go up in America
Imports Toyota and Honda from Japan “Rustbelt” declines “Sunbelt” becomes economic center of America
Watergate
Watergate Break-in CREEP breaks into Democratic HQ in DC CIA and FBI investigate Nixon has tape about break-in, refuses to give it to investigators
House of Reps Start impeachment procedures for obstruction of justice Nixon resigns
Gerald Ford Pardons Nixon Economic probs Battles w/ Congress over tax cuts South Vietnam lost to Communists
Jimmy Carter Camp David Accords: peace treaty between Egypt and Israel SALT II Soviets invade Afghanistan Iranian hostage crisis