Vietnam War: Conclusion & Legacy

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Presentation transcript:

Vietnam War: Conclusion & Legacy

Vietnamization & “Peace With Honor” Peace talks in 68-69 stall, can’t agree on terms Nixon’s policy: “Vietnamization” – gradually withdraw US forces & hand over more responsibility to ARVN 1970: Nixon wants to break stalemate by attacking bases in Cambodia

Kent State Protests Nationwide protests b/c of expansion to Cambodia Kent State Univ (OH): demonstrators threw rocks, bottles at members of Nat’l Guard. Nat’l Guard fired into crowd, killed 4 youths

1971: Pressure Mounts to Pull Out Troops My Lai Massacre 1968- after Tet, US forces shot 4-500 unarmed Vietnamese civilians Inadequate military investigation Lt. Calley – his unit – convicted in 1971

Pentagon Papers Published by New York Times – Nixon tried to block full publication Study revealed that US leaders involved US in Vietnam without fully informing US people & that they occasionally lied to Congress

US Troops Leave Vietnam W/ peace talks in progress, Nixon wins reelection in 1972 Jan 1973: Paris Peace Accords Cease-fire; remove US troops; POWs exchanged; N. Vietnamese troops stay in S. Vietnam No one in Vietnam honored agreement… ARVN no match for N. Vietnamese Army Saigon falls April 1975 --- Vietnam united/ end of war

Impact & Legacy of Vietnam US troops: 58k died, 300k wounded Vietnamese: 2 million + Communism spread to Laos, Cambodia (+ genocide)  BUT, mostly independent of USSR/China 1971: 26th Amendment (voting age 21  18) Returning vets return to mixed reactions, indifference

1973 War Powers Act: limited Pres’ war powers --- must inform Congress w/in 48 hrs of committing US forces to foreign conflict Ended draft “Vietnam syndrome” --- aversion to overseas military involvements