Nuclear Reactors, BAU, 1st Semester, (Saed Dababneh).

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Nuclear Reactors, BAU, 1st Semester, 2007-2008 (Saed Dababneh). Fuel Depletion Time scale: Days and months. More depletion  change steady state flux by means of control rods. For a given fuel isotope For constant flux 0 the solution is For time varying flux Neutron fluence N  Solve numerically. Nuclear Reactors, BAU, 1st Semester, 2007-2008 (Saed Dababneh).

Fuel Depletion Constant power.   Linear depletion!   Power ~ flux only over short time periods during which Nf is constant. The solution is obviously   Energy released per fission Fission rate Linear depletion!   Nuclear Reactors, BAU, 1st Semester, 2007-2008 (Saed Dababneh).

Fuel Depletion HW 31 Do the calculations for different flux and power levels. Nuclear Reactors, BAU, 1st Semester, 2007-2008 (Saed Dababneh).

Poisoning and Fuel Depletion Infinite, critical homogeneous reactor.     Constant power Nuclear Reactors, BAU, 1st Semester, 2007-2008 (Saed Dababneh).

Poisoning and Fuel Depletion Constant Constant Nuclear Reactors, BAU, 1st Semester, 2007-2008 (Saed Dababneh).

Poisoning and Fuel Depletion Now we know all macroscopic cross sections.    When there are no absorbers left to remove, we need to refuel. Absorbers are not only control rods. All fuel nuclei should be considered. For each species, all sources and sinks should be taken into account. Until = 0. Solve for t to get upper limit for “core loading lifetime” Nuclear Reactors, BAU, 1st Semester, 2007-2008 (Saed Dababneh).

Poisoning and Fuel Depletion Some poisons are intentionally introduced into the reactor. Fixed burnable poisons. B, Gd. More uniform distribution than rods, more intentionally localized than shim. Soluble poisons (chemical shim). Boric acid (soluble boron, solbor) in coolant. Boration and dilution. Emergency shutdown (sodium polyborate or gadolinium nitrate). Non-burnable poisons. Chain of absorbers or self shielding. Flatter flux. Power shaping. Nuclear Reactors, BAU, 1st Semester, 2007-2008 (Saed Dababneh).

Nuclear Reactors, BAU, 1st Semester, 2007-2008 (Saed Dababneh). Delayed Precursors For one-group What about delayed neutrons? Nuclear Reactors, BAU, 1st Semester, 2007-2008 (Saed Dababneh).

Nuclear Reactors, BAU, 1st Semester, 2007-2008 (Saed Dababneh). Delayed Precursors (s) < 0.7% Nuclear Reactors, BAU, 1st Semester, 2007-2008 (Saed Dababneh).

Nuclear Reactors, BAU, 1st Semester, 2007-2008 (Saed Dababneh). Delayed Precursors The multi-group equation now becomes Different energy spectra Nuclear Reactors, BAU, 1st Semester, 2007-2008 (Saed Dababneh).

Nuclear Reactors, BAU, 1st Semester, 2007-2008 (Saed Dababneh). Delayed Precursors In steady state Appearance of ggg depends on whether we have fine or course energy groups. Nuclear Reactors, BAU, 1st Semester, 2007-2008 (Saed Dababneh).