Stages of Memory
Memory Memory- the process where we recollect prior experiences, information, and skills 3 Different kinds of memory Episodic Memory Semantic Memory Implicit Memory
Episodic Memory Episodic Memory- memory of a specific event The event took place in your presence. Ex) what you ate for dinner or a quiz in class A subsect of this is “flash bulb memories”- where you remember in great detail “I remember where I was when…” These occur because the event was important to you in some way Also easier to remember because you tend to think about them more often
Semantic Memory Semantic Memory- your memory of facts, words, and concepts Most of what you learn in school becomes part of your semantic memory Much harder to remember exactly when you learned this information Episodic and Semantic are both examples of Explicit Memory Explicit Memory- memory of specific information
Implicit Memory Implicit Memory- memory of which you are not consciously aware; skills and procedures Example: knowing how to shoot a basketball, riding a bike, jumping rope, typing, and playing an instrument Once you learn such a skill it usually stays with you. “It’s like riding a bike.”
3 Processes of Memory Encoding Storage Retrieval
Encoding Encoding- the translation of info into a form in which it can be stored At first you get info through your senses and then your brain makes sense of it and stores it Memorize this. You have 30 seconds: OTTFFSSENT How did you try to memorize it? Visual Codes- did you kind of take a picture of it? Acoustic Codes- Did you keep repeating it in hopes of remembering it? Semantic Codes- Did you try and make sense of it? Did you see if there was a word in the letters? Did you make the letters stand for words in a saying? Never Eat Sour Watermelon(north south east west) Did anyone notice they represent 1-10?
Storage Storage- the maintenance of encoded info over time Achieved through maintenance rehearsal and elaborative rehearsal Maintenance rehearsal uses repetition (I say someone’s name 3x when we meet) Elaborative rehearsal fits new info into an organization system (You have a filing system for your info that you add to. Like I know the order of presidents and info on them.)
Retrieval Retrieval- Consist of locating stored info and returning it to thought What was that sequence of numbers again? Anyone remember? What cues are you using to remember? Which word is spelled correctly? Retrieval or Retreival How do you know you are right? Acoustic might not help. Maybe one “looks” right, visual codes. Or semantic might help. I before E except after C.
Context Dependent Memories Context dependent memories- Info remembered in the context or situation in which it was encoded You might go to a place and see something and all of a sudden have a flood of memories Experiment was done in which students tested better in the room they took the test I might go to a party today and hear a song and it’ll remind me of 7th grade when the song came out
Tip of the Tongue I hate this feeling! You all know what it is. You’re sure you know something, but you just can’t say it. We usually use acoustic or semantic cues “What is that girl’s name? I think it starts with an M…..Maria? Mary?”
Quick Reading Assignment In your textbook read page 195 and answer the two questions at the bottom of the page.
Questions: What happens in each of the three stages of memory? What are the two types of explicit memory? How do organizational systems help the mind store memories? How do they help the mind retrieve memories? What are the differences between maintenance rehearsal and elaborative rehearsal? Which one works better for you and why? Why are episodic and semantic memories both classified as explicit? Explain a time in which you had a tip of the tongue experience. Describe what you usually do to retrieve the information. Do you usually recall the information?