FEDERALIST ERA ADAMS

Let’s review Washington first… Set Precedent… First Cabinet Hamilton’s Economic Plan *pay off debt *National Bank (Implied Powers) *Tariffs and Excise Taxes First Congress – Judiciary Act of 1789 (set up the courts) and the Bill of Rights Expand National power – Whiskey Rebellion - military Foreign Policy Neutrality in the French Revolution Neutrality between the French and British (even though they were seizing American ships and sailors) Jay’s Treaty – Britain – Favored Trade Status prevented war – not much else Pinckney’s Treaty – Spain – U.S. gets to use the Mississippi River

Just a little bit more review… Westward Expansion To the Mississippi River KY and TN become states Northwest Territory – problems develop with the Native Americans – Treaty of Greenville, U.S. gets Southern Ohio and Indiana and the Native Americans get $10,000 a year = problems in the future Another Precedent – only serve 2 terms as President Farewell Address (Warnings…) No sectionalism No political parties No foreign alliances – no entangling foreign affairs Did Americans listen?????

Don’t forget… Political Parties would form… Federalist – Hamilton and Adams – strong national government and a national bank Democratic-Republicans – Jefferson and Madison – strong state governments and no national bank

PARTIES DEVELOPED FEDERALIST vs. DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS -Washington warned against them -Adams tried to keep them in power (Alien & Sedition Acts, Midnight Judges) AND… -Hamilton and Jefferson had opposing views of government

Federalists Federalists- led by Hamilton supported strong Nat’l Gov’t, loose interpretation of the Constitution, and a National Bank

Democrat-Republicans (AntiFedrealist) Democratic-Republicans- led by Jefferson and Madison supported limited role of Gov’t, strict interpretation of the Constitution, and no to the National Bank

ADAMS IS ELECTED -1796 election Adams elected President (Federalist) Jefferson elected V.P. (Democratic-Republican) -They were from different political parties -This problem fixed by 12th Amendment

-Neutrality strained relations with France and Britain…almost war XYZ AFFAIR -Neutrality strained relations with France and Britain…almost war -U.S sends ambassadors to France to patch relations -bribes were demanded by the French -US was outraged as story emerged… “Millions for defense but not a dime in tribute…” -Quasi-War X Y Z AMERICANS FRENCH

ALIEN & SEDITION ACTS -Federalists passed laws to limit criticism of gov’t by those sensitive to the French (Dem-Republicans) and restrict citizenship rights *limits on speech *limits on immigrants -would have limited freedom of speech and allowed deportation of unpopular aliens Hamilton

In answer to the Alien and Sedition Acts VA and KY Resolutions issued resolutions to declare the laws unconstitutional- states’ rights -Written by Jefferson and Madison -presented idea of nullification Madison

Midnight Judges will end things for the Federalist and John Adams Last days of his Presidency, Adams appoints many judges in the hopes of leaving the Federalist in power in the Judicial Branch Incoming President Jefferson refuses to deliver the appointments = the case of Marbury v. Madison

John Adams’ Presidency XYZ AFFAIR=France – Quasi-War ALIEN & SEDITION ACT …VA & KY Resolutions

President Jefferson (3)…Federalist Era comes to an END

ELECTION OF 1800 -The 4 candidates=Jefferson, Burr, Adams, and Pinckney (remember the Treaty with Spain) -Jefferson and Aaron Burr tie for President -both are Democratic-Republicans -Tie is eventually broken in Jefferson’s favor -Future problems avoided with 12th Amendment

ELECTION OF 1800 *JEFFERSON =President Democratic-Republican John Adams will leave peaceably after appointing the Midnight Judges…Federalist will hold a good portion of the Judicial Branch

ELECTION OF 1800 -1st peaceable transfer of political power from one party to another in modern government -Federalists Democratic- Republicans *John Adams leaves peaceful after appointing MIDNIGHT JUDGES Marbury vs. Madison -Jefferson’s philosophy of*laissez-faire gov’t – Democratic-Republicans control the Presidency and the Congress

JUDICIAL REVIEW -John Marshall is Chief Justice of Supreme Court -Midnight Judges had been appointed by Adams -Jefferson refused to recognized judges -Marbury v. Madison = Judicial Review

JUDICIAL REVIEW- Marbury vs. Madison -case declares part of Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional (writ of mandamus) -Establishes principle of Judicial Review Court can declare laws to be unconstitutional

WESTERN EXPANSION -Louisiana Purchase (1803) *Bought from France *$15 million (approx.) *Doubled the size of the US ****Jefferson had to use the IMPLIED POWERS to make the purchase…(Man, he really did not want to do that…) Lewis and Clark Expedition Sacajawea

Thomas Jefferson’s Legacy

WESTERN EXPANSION -Louisiana Purchase (1803) Lewis and Clark Expedition Sacajawea

Lewis and Clark and the Louisiana Purchase

WESTERN EXPANSION -Louisiana Purchase (1803) Lewis and Clark Expedition Sacajawea

FOREIGN AFFAIRS -US neutrality between Britain and France??? Needed trade with both sides -British and French seized American ships -British began impressment of sailors…What is impressment? Remember this it will lead to war…

American Shipping…Wanting neutrality but British and French had other ideas…

Thomas Jefferson tries the Embargo Act… Law that stopped all trade between America and other countries (Britain & France) If US ships are not on the water then they can not be taken and no impressment Backfires and US businesses hurt

FOREIGN AFFAIRS -Jefferson gets Embargo Act passed to cut off trade with Britain & France. Hurts U.S. business more than Britain -War Hawks emerge…calling for war *Pain of the Embargo Act *Possibility of gaining additional lands (Canada) *Revenge for British helping Indians ***Remember these…there will be a war…

WESTERN EXPANSION -Indian Conflicts unfair treaties British influence… Tecumseh’s League (Tecumseh and Prophet) Eventually will lead to … Battle of Tippecanoe (1811-Madison’s Term) Hero of Tippecanoe -William Henry Harrison (Remember the name…he will later be President…at least for a month…1841)

Tecumseh’s brother Prophet and the Battle of Tippecanoe – Indians lose and will flee to Canada later to fight in the War of 1812

Jefferson and the Barbary Pirates Barbary Pirates off the coast of North Africa were attacking US ships and demanding tribute... Jefferson sent the US Navy and Marines to take out the Barbary Pirates at Tripoli (1805)…Early victory for the Marines Today, the Somali Pirates do the exact same thing and the US Navy has been sent to take them out…

Jefferson Legacy – Purchase of the Louisiana Territory…Growth of the Democrat-Republican Party… Jefferson did not like the Presidency