https://sociologytux.wordpress.com/ Functionalism Overview Crime is normal Maintains value consensus If no crime, even simplistic things will become criminal If no values being reinforced= anomie (normlessness) Durkheim Crime is normal and functional Promotes solidarity ‘express public temper’- reinforces a collective conscience Maintains boundaries- reinforces accepted norms/values Safety valve- ‘let of steam’ to prevent worse deviance Promotes social progression- need a little bit of crime to move forward Merton Develops Durkheim's concept of anomie Modern societies goals place strain on people to achieve them When the goal is emphasised more than means- crime and deviance occurs Modes of adaption: Conformity Innovation Ritualism Retreatism Rebellion Subcultural theory Overview Use official statistics of a typical criminal Subcultures formed by working class, normalise criminal behaviour Cohen Status frustration Can’t achieve same goals as middle class to gain status Working class gain status through crime/deviance Cloward and Ohlin Miller