Day 4 - Northeast Region of S.W. Asia Chapter 22 section 3

What countries are located in the Northeast? Turkey Iran Iraq Afghanistan

Early Civilizations Mesopotamia- many civilizations were started here in the “land between the rivers” (AKA The Fertile Crescent) Huge empires built between the rivers Innovations from the region: metal tools & gov’t organization Huge empires built between the rivers Innovations such as metal tools and government organization result from these civilizations

Why do tensions exist? Many ethnic groups live in the area Most follow Islam Two main branches of Islam Sunni- believe leader should be best fit for the job 4 out of 5 Muslims are Sunni Shi’ite- believe the leader should be blood-related to Muhammad Most Iranians are Shi’ite 4 out of 5 Muslims are Sunni. Most Iranians are Shi’ite. Difference is the Sunni believe their leader should be elected based on their capability to do the job and the Shi’ite believe that their leader should be a direct descendent of Muhammad.

What is the Taliban? Fundamentalist Muslim political group in Afghanistan Known for protecting bin Laden and his al Qaeda terrorist network 2001- Operation Enduring Freedom: Goal was to seize terrorist finances and destroy infrastructure New government headed by Hamid Karzai Osama bin Laden escapes coalition until 2011 – executed at his compound during raid by U.S. Navy Seals Fundamentalist Muslim political group

Who was Saddam Hussein? Dictator of Iraq Brutal and corrupt (killed >250,000 people) Believed to still have weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) 1991- Hussein told to destroy WMDs 2003- Operation Iraqi Freedom: removed him from power 2006- Executed after guilty verdict from his tribunal in Iraq The total number of deaths caused by Saddam's government is unknown, but the lowest estimate is about 250,000. GB and USA combined forces and launched in March 2003 Saddam executed in 2006 after being found guilty by a tribunal in Iraq.

Video ends right when his head enters the noose

What is ISIS? ISIS is a powerful terrorist militant group that has seized control after the Taliban Infamous for its brutal violence and murderous assaults on civilians This self-described caliphate has claimed responsibility for hundreds of terrorist attacks around the world

Restrictions under Sha’ria Law No television, music or movies No whistling or clapping No dancing No shorts No photography No smoking Men must have a beard and wear a head covering

Restrictions for Women No jobs; women must stay at home Must wear the burqa and be with a male relative outside the house No schooling/education No revealing ankles/ no white socks No treatment by male doctors No make-up or brightly colored clothes

No associating with male shopkeepers No laughing loudly No high heels No driving No riding bicycles No washing clothes next to a river unless a male relative is present Windows must be painted or covered