Attachment Monkey research of Harry Harlow Does a monkey become attached to a surrogate that provides ‘food’ or ‘comfort’? Which mother with the monkey cling to when it feels anxious?

Attachment In humans: ‘Stranger Anxiety’ emerges around 6 or 7 months (ends by 18 months). ‘Separation Anxiety’ emerges earlier, peaks 12 to 16 months (ends by 2 or 3 years).

Types of Attachment Secure attachment content with mother present distressed when mother leaves happy on return

Insecure attachment few signs of attachment distressed 1) Anxious resistant fearful distressed angry / resistant 2) Anxious avoidant few signs of attachment

Training in Materal Responsiveness Dutch study by Dymphna van de Boom (1990) Mothers of 6 to 9 months infants were randomly assigned either get no training or training and tested at 1 year. No Training Training % Securely Attached 28% 68%

Love Secure attachment predicts social competence and a sense of ‘basic trust’ (Eriksson (1902 – 1994). The Art of Loving (Erich Fromm) Love as the expansion of self (Aron & Aron)

Marriage Passionate love changes to companionate love. Dr. John Gottman can predict divorce with 80 to 95% accuracy by studying couples for several days.

Strong Predictors Divorce: 1) Disgust in facial coding of one partner 2) Couples reciprocate negative affect Successful Marriage: 1) Deep involvement (time together) 2) Expressed appreciation 3) Good communication