Recruitment of T cells to the lung in response to antigen challenge

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Recruitment of T cells to the lung in response to antigen challenge Qutayba A. Hamid, MD, PhD, Lisa A Cameron, PhD Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Volume 106, Issue 5, Pages S227-S234 (November 2000) DOI: 10.1067/mai.2000.110161 Copyright © 2000 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 A , The effect of an allergen challenge on epithelial IL-16 immunoreactivity (●) and mRNA (○) expression in nasal biopsy specimens from placebo- and steroid-treated subjects with allergic rhinitis. Biopsy specimens were obtained at baseline (before) and 24 hours after allergen challenge. Scores are expressed as a percentage of positive cells per total cells (score range, 0 to 4). B , Within the placebo-treated group (●), there were significant correlations between epithelial IL-16 immunoreactivity and mRNA (r = 0.75) and the number of CD4+ cells (r = 0.76, r = 0.75, respectively). There were no significant correlations in steroid-treated patients (○). *Statistical difference of P < .05 for within-group comparisons with the use of Wilcoxon matched pairs signed ranks test. (Fig 1A reproduced with permission from Laberge S, Durham SR, Ghaffar O, et al. Expression of IL-16 in allergen-induced late-phase nasal responses and relation to topical glucocorticosteroid treatment. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997;100:569-74.) Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2000 106, S227-S234DOI: (10.1067/mai.2000.110161) Copyright © 2000 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 LARs to ovalbumin in Brown Norway rats. Unsensitized animals were injected intraperitoneally with CD4+ T cells that had been treated with control antisense oligonucleotides (Control AS ), IL-5 antisense oligonucleotides (AS ), or IL-4 antisense oligonucleotides. Two days later, the animals were challenged with ovalbumin. Lung resistance was measured at 3 to 8 hours for the LAR. IL-4 antisense oligonucleotides, but not IL-5 antisense oligonucleotides, inhibited the development of the LAR. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2000 106, S227-S234DOI: (10.1067/mai.2000.110161) Copyright © 2000 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 A and B , Immunocytochemical localization of major basic protein in lung explants of ovalbumin-sensitized Brown Norway rats. A large number of major basic protein–positive cells were demonstrated infiltrating the airway (aw ) wall after antigen challenge (A ). Fewer major basic protein–positive cells were demonstrated in and around blood vessels (bv ) in explants obtained before challenge. C and D , Autoradiographs of cryostat sections obtained from lung explants of ovalbumin-sensitized rats, hybridized with radiolabeled IL-5 probe. Note the strong hybridization signal after challenge (arrows ) in C compared with a section obtained before challenge where no significant hybridization signal was detected (D ). E , An autoradiograph of an explant from a ovalbumin-sensitized animal after challenge; hybridization was with sense IL-5 probes as a control. F , An autoradiograph of an explant from a sham-sensitized animal that was hybridized with IL-5 probe. (Reproduced with permission from Eidelman DH, Minshall E, Dandurand RJ, Schotman E, Song YL, Yasruel Z, Mogbel R, Hamid Q. Evidence for major basic protein immunoreactivity and interleukin 5 gene activation during the late phase response in expanded airways. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1996;15:582-9. Official Journal of the American Thoracic Society. © American Lung Association.) Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2000 106, S227-S234DOI: (10.1067/mai.2000.110161) Copyright © 2000 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 The number of cells that express mRNA coding for IL-4, IL-13, and IL-5 mRNA in sections of nasal mucosal tissue cultured with 500 PNU/mL ragweed allergen (Ag ) or medium alone (MA ; P < .05). Exposure to ragweed allergen resulted in increased numbers of cells that expressed mRNA for IL-4, IL-13, and IL-5. *P < .05. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2000 106, S227-S234DOI: (10.1067/mai.2000.110161) Copyright © 2000 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Localization of TH2 cytokine expression to CD3+ T cells. After ex vivo allergen exposure, a large proportion of TH2 cytokine expression was colocalized to CD3+ cells. As shown in A , 70% of IL-4, 43% of IL-13, and 44% of IL-5 mRNA+ cells were coexpressing CD3 immunoreactivity. However, as shown in B , only 11% of the total CD3 population were coexpressing IL-4 and IL-13 and 13% was coexpressing IL-5 mRNA. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2000 106, S227-S234DOI: (10.1067/mai.2000.110161) Copyright © 2000 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 The presence of T cells within murine bone marrow preparations after intratracheal allergen challenge. IL-5 mRNA expression colocalized to CD3+ progenitors and to CD34+ T cells. *P < .01; †P < .001. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2000 106, S227-S234DOI: (10.1067/mai.2000.110161) Copyright © 2000 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions