The English Empire in America First English settlements were disasters! Roanoke Island – 2 attempts failed (1587 colony lost) VA. Co.  Jamestown – 1607 Of 144 who arrived first – 38 survived the first year Starving time No gold or silver Powhatan and Indian Wars As late as 1642, only 8000 lived in VA,

Factors contributing to the English colonization of America Strategic interests of England Rivalry with Spain. Spain, naval power based on gold and silver from Americas, threat to Protestant England Need for timber

Economic Factors Economic Distress in England settlement in Virginia, and Southern Colonies “surplus population” moved to cities  fear of disorder America opportunities for indentured servants Capitalists Joint stock companies (Virginia Co.)  Jamestown; Headright system

Religious Motivations Puritans (NE) Great Migration – City on a Hill (model communities to provide example for reform), Separatists (Plymouth) – escape sinful England Quakers – (PA), (23K) by 1715 - religious opportunity Catholics – Maryland, OVER TIME ECONOMIC FACTORS FOR MIGRATION OVERWHELMED RELIGIOUS REASONS

Virginia and Tobacco Tobacco became basis of economy (Rolfe)and saved failing colony Need for labor Indentured servants ¾ of VA immigrants 1640 – 1675 Soil butchery  Expansion Problems with Indians

The House of Burgesses - first legislature in English colonies (1619)

First Africans arrived (1619) perhaps slaves, perhaps indentured servants. Slavery not that important until the end of the 17c!

Cavalier Virginia – William Berkeley (1641) (think self centered liberty) – goal recreate aristocratic England Displaced cavaliers – aristocratic Scattered estates on which planters were free Dependence on indentured servants “my people” Goal to live idly and freely Growing number of poor – HUGE PROBLEM!

Nathaniel Bacon’s Rebellion: 1676 1,000 piedmont Virginians in a rebellion against Governor Berkeley Freed indentured servants – concerns = high taxes, Berkeley’s unwillingness to exterminate Indians In the end rebellion failed but… planters searched for laborers less likely to rebel and a way to lessen class differences BLACK SLAVES!! Nathaniel Bacon Governor William Berkeley

Bellwork: Identify First legislative body in the new world. He helped improved conditions for Indians. This revolt delayed Spanish control in New Mexico (present-day southwest US). 1st English settlement in the new world. Fabled route to Asia through North America. Gave 50 arces of land to planters who brought new people to the Virginia. Saved Jamestown 1st French settlement in the new world. Forced labor system in the Spanish colonies for Indians.

Identify, explain, and analyze the impact of English colonization of North America. Agenda: Bellwork—Answer by writing the word down on a sheet of paper. (USE NOTES and BRAIN ONLY NOT YOUR NEIGHBOR NEW SEATS Summary Sheet—New England and Middle Colonies Concept Map HW: HW: Due Wednesday 9/21/16—Quiz Chapters 1&2 Due Friday, 9/23/16 Read pages 66-76—There will be an assignment related to reading!

Puritans And Separatists (Pilgrims) and Their Impact Puritan legacy very important Not the same as Separatists coming to Plymouth Great Migration (1630 – 1642) – 20K before 1640, population of 100,000 by 1700

Reformers of COE Calvinism Predestination. Puritans: Want to radically reform [purify] the corrupt Church of England and society Desire to recreate independent villages not threatened by kings and bishops Separatists (Pilgrims)(Mayflower): believed in a total break from the Church of England.

Puritans and Covenant Theology “Covenant of Grace”: A responsibility of community to serve God “Social Covenant”: Between members of Puritan communities with each other. Social reciprocity Required mutual watchfulness. No toleration of deviance or disorder.

Massachusetts – John Winthrop and Puritans (1630) City on a Hill, missionary vision Bible Commonwealth – theocracy (not ministers), elect vote (not wealth) Community! Watchfulness, just prices, charity  tension with individualism ORDER! (not freedom)

Importance of education and work ethic Harvard – 1636 MA public schools - 1647 Town meetings. Limited power to the central government Healthy conditions, growing population Eventually Puritanism faded (loss of enthusiasm) Intolerance Hutchinson, Williams, Quakers, witches

Rhode Island – Roger Williams - 1636 Williams: separation of church and state, and freedom of religion, Anne Hutchinson – challenged male hierarchy refuge for dissenters, most democratic and free (like NC) , first Jewish community

Pennsylvania – William Penn - 1681 Society of Friends (Quakers) Belief in equality - pacifists. Advertised   diversity especially Germans and Scotts Irish City of Brotherly love, Holy Experiment Dealt fairly with Native Americans No established church All landowners voted

New York – Duke of York - 1664 Duke of York given territory - a royal colony by English King