Quiz over Forms of Government: Using your notes and definition from “Forms of Government”, write the best answer on your index card (1-8). A government that is ruled by a king or queen is known as a ________________. The form of government where citizens will choose their own lawmakers is called a __________. (hint: we pledge to the flag “for which it stands”) The governments during the 1920’s under Hitler, Mussolini and Stalin were all forms of _______________ governments. Rousseau’s philosophy of citizens making decisions based on what most people want is known as ______________. Name 2 types of authoritarian governments from your vocab terms: When citizens debate and vote on issues (like in ancient Athens), this is known as a ____________________________. (hint: this is no longer practical for most countries today because of larger populations). When you have more than one political party, is this a democracy or authoritarian type of government? When a government controls all parts of the lives of the citizens and economy, is this a democracy or authoritarian type of government? BONUS: In addition to local, name the next 2 levels of governments. Monarchy Republic Dictatorships (or totalitarian) Majority rule Dictatorships, totalitarian, absolute monarchy Direct democracy Democracy Authoritarian BONUS: local, state and federal

Cornell Notes: “The Story of Us”: Part I Why did men like John Rolfe come to the New World? (America) What are 2 resources America had that the British wanted? Why did the colonists settle in Plymouth, Mass. and briefly describe what life was like for those settlers. Critical thinking: What is the significance of Jamestown and Plymouth in our history?

Our English Heritage Chapter 2.1 Objective 1.02: Trace and analyze the development of ideas about self-government in British North America

Cause/Effect The English (British) began exploring North America (opportunity and land!) in the late 1400s and established permanent colonies starting in 1607 Between 1607 and 1776, thousands of English people immigrated to the Americas KEY POINT: American ideas about politics and government were strongly influenced by England

England’s Early Government Who had the power? English monarchy: Noble families: Parliament: Nobles were rich familes that had power given to them by the monarchy. Lands in exchange for loyalty, taxes and military service in British Army Parliament “law making body or legislature” came about after Magna Carta

The Magna Carta (1215) Why is the Magna Carta important? King John abused his power so in 1215, nobles rebelled and forced him to sign Magna Carta Magna Carta is Latin for “___________________” Magna Carta said… . Why is the Magna Carta important? When Englishmen left their homeland to establish colonies in the New World, they brought with them charters guaranteeing that they and their heirs would "have and enjoy all liberties and immunities of free and natural subjects." Scant generations later, when these American colonists raised arms against their mother country, they were fighting not for new freedoms but to preserve liberties that dated to the 13th century. king must obey laws -no one could be imprisoned without being charged with crime (unless a trial) -king could not take away property First step toward “limited monarchy”

Influences from Magna Carta on U.S. Constitution The fifth amendment to our Constitution guarantees: No person shall...be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law Written 575 years earlier, Magna Carta declares: No freeman shall be taken, imprisoned,...or in any other way destroyed...except by the lawful judgment of his peers, or by the law of the land. To no one will we sell, to none will we deny or delay, right or justice. Yet, as close as Magna Carta and American concepts of liberty are, they remain distinct. Magna Carta is a charter of ancient liberties guaranteed by a king to his subjects; the Constitution of the United States is the establishment of a government by and for "We the People."

The English Bill of Rights (1689) After the ____________ Revolution in 1688, the new king agreed to English Bill of Rights. English Bill of Rights said citizens had freedom… . King could not… -tax without Parliament’s permission -raise an army without permission -limit free speech in Parliament -impose cruel & unusual punishment Glorious -to petition the king (make requests) -to a fair trial by jury

The Enlightenment The Enlightenment – 18th century movement that stressed the ideas of reason and individual rights John Locke – Believed that government gets its power from the ____ _________; purpose of government is to protect citizens’ rights. From the people, Right to overthrow our government

John Locke (1632-1704) Locke also believed that all people were born with same natural rights (life, liberty, property) Said government must have consent of the people. “Social Contract” theory: People give up part of their freedom to a government in exchange for protection of their natural rights and therefore people have right to overthrow the govt if it doesn’t protect their rights.

Other Early English Influences on Colonial Government Judges used ___________ (rulings in earlier cases that were similar) to decide cases This system of law based on precedent and customs is known as _________________. Separation of Powers: Early on, England had no written laws. Over time, a system of courts developed, and their decisions became the basis for a system of law. Precedents and common law

Colonial Self-Government Jamestown – first permanent English settlement in North America. It was founded in 1607 by a group of private investors known as the Virginia Company, with a charter from King James I.

How did colonies form? Charter: Joint-stock companies: Council and governors ran the colonies. A written document granting land & the authority to set up colonial governments. like the Virginia Company allowed individual investors to combine their resources to finance overseas expeditions.

First Colonial Self-Government House of Burgesses (1619) – Chose 2 representatives from each colony to meet with governor and his council. It had the power to pass laws for the colony, but those laws could be vetoed by the governor. first form of representative democracy (1st legislature) in colonies. In 1619, the colonists chose 2 representatives from each colony to meet with the governor and his council. These 22 men were called burgesses. The House of Burgesses had little power, but it marked the beginning of self-government in colonial America. Held its first meeting in the choir at Jamestown Church in the summer of 1619. Its first order of business: setting a minimum price for the sale of tobacco!

Colonial Self-Government Plymouth Colony (1620) – founded in Massachusetts by Pilgrims seeking _________ freedom. Mayflower Compact: – written agreement that set up a direct democracy in the colony, drawn up before they landed at Plymoth

Colonial Self-Governments Town Meetings: Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639): Legislatures: RESULT: Colonists got used to making their own decisions because of the distance between themselves and England. Anyone in town could attend and express an opinion first written constitution in America. Other colonies formed legislatures to make decisions, based on success of Jamestown and Plymouth!