Are you getting tired of gases?

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Presentation transcript:

Are you getting tired of gases? dU = TdS - pdV dW = -pdV worked well for gases!! However, in other physical systems, dW = xdX. [x, X] conjugate variables x: force (intensive variables) X: displacement (extensive variables) System x X dW fluids -p V -pdV elastic rods f (tension) L fdL liquid films g (surface tension) A gdA dielectric materials E (electric field) pe Edpe magnetic materials H (magnetic field) m= -MV Hdm

Magneto X men

Adiabatic Demagnetization

Entropy exchanged between spins and phonons !

TdS equations (TediouS equations) The TdS equations are useful for calculating : heat transferred in reversible processes entropy by dividing by temperature and then integrating heat flow in terms of measurable properties relationship between coordinates for isentropic processes

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