Biological exacerbation clusters demonstrate asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap with distinct mediator and microbiome profiles 

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Biological exacerbation clusters demonstrate asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap with distinct mediator and microbiome profiles  Michael A. Ghebre, PhD, Pee Hwee Pang, MBBS, Sarah Diver, MBChB, Dhananjay Desai, PhD, Mona Bafadhel, PhD, Koirobi Haldar, PhD, Tatiana Kebadze, MD, Suzanne Cohen, PhD, Paul Newbold, PhD, Laura Rapley, PhD, Joanne Woods, PhD, Paul Rugman, PhD, Ian D. Pavord, MD, Sebastian L. Johnston, PhD, Michael Barer, PhD, Richard D. May, PhD, Christopher E. Brightling, PhD  Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  Volume 141, Issue 6, Pages 2027-2036.e12 (June 2018) DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.04.013 Copyright © 2018 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2018 141, 2027-2036 Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2018 141, 2027-2036.e12DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2018.04.013) Copyright © 2018 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 The 3 identified exacerbation biologic clusters presented using the subjects' discriminant scores. Open triangles indicate asthmatic patients, and solid circles indicate patients with COPD. Orange, green, and purple colors represent clusters 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2018 141, 2027-2036.e12DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2018.04.013) Copyright © 2018 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Alpha diversity at the phylum level (using the Shannon-Weiner index): proportion and patterns of relative abundance of the most abundant phyla and P/F ratio in log format (base 10) across the identified exacerbation biologic clusters. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2018 141, 2027-2036.e12DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2018.04.013) Copyright © 2018 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Alpha diversity at the genus level (using the Shannon-Weiner index): proportion and patterns of relative abundance of the most abundant genera or those known to be important airway pathogens across the identified exacerbation biologic clusters. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2018 141, 2027-2036.e12DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2018.04.013) Copyright © 2018 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig E1 Alpha diversity at the phylum level (using the Shannon-Weiner index): relative abundances of the most abundant phyla and P/F ratio in log format (base 10) across asthmatic patients and patients with COPD. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2018 141, 2027-2036.e12DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2018.04.013) Copyright © 2018 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig E2 Alpha diversity at the genus level (using the Shannon-Weiner index): relative abundances of the most abundant genera and known major airway pathogens across asthmatic patients and patients with COPD. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2018 141, 2027-2036.e12DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2018.04.013) Copyright © 2018 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig E3 Sputum IL-1β, IL-5, and CXCL10 levels in each cluster at stable state and exacerbation. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2018 141, 2027-2036.e12DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2018.04.013) Copyright © 2018 The Authors Terms and Conditions