Section 1: Aftermath of War in Europe

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Presentation transcript:

Section 1: Aftermath of War in Europe CHAPTER 22 Europe and North America in the Postwar Years Section 1: Aftermath of War in Europe Objectives: What were the origins of the postwar settlement for Europe? Why was Germany divided into four occupation zones and what developed as a result? How is the United Nations organized?

Aftermath of War in Europe SECTION 1 Aftermath of War in Europe Iron is visually and physically impenetrable and cuts off contact between each side.

What were the Allies policies regarding Germany after World War I? SECTION 4 Imperialism in Japan What were the Allies policies regarding Germany after World War I? Disarmament, territorial losses, enormous reparations, little economic aid

How did this affect Germany? SECTION 4 Imperialism in Japan How did this affect Germany? It helped cause inflation, resentment toward the Allies, disenchantment with the Weimar government, and ultimately let to the rise of the Nazi government.

SECTION 1 Aftermath of War in Europe At the end of WWII, the Allied nations had trouble determining how to keep peace in Europe.

Victory over the Axis powers brought on a whole new set of problems. SECTION 1 Aftermath of War in Europe Victory over the Axis powers brought on a whole new set of problems. To some degree, these problems were the result of decisions they had made during the war.

1943 – The “Big Three” met in Tehran, Iran (Iran capitol) SECTION 1 Aftermath of War in Europe 1943 – The “Big Three” met in Tehran, Iran (Iran capitol) … decided to defeat Germany on two fronts – Western Allies would attack from the west while Soviet forces would attack from the east.

Division & Occupation of Germany SECTION 1 Aftermath of War in Europe Division & Occupation of Germany City of Berlin

Aftermath of War in Europe SECTION 1 Aftermath of War in Europe Poland? Churchill & Roosevelt believed they should determine their own futures – Stalin promised to allow free elections …..hmmmmm Eastern European gov’ts Stalin wanted friendly gov’t under SOVIET control How to prevent future war They argued over sphere of influence Roosevelt wanted: United Nations organization through collective security arrangements

Aftermath of War in Europe Political Cartoon Aftermath of War in Europe

Decisions made at Potsdam included… SECTION 1 Aftermath of War in Europe Decisions made at Potsdam included… Germany should remain a single country, although it would be divided for the time being. Germany must be demilitarized. Nazi Party outlawed. Gov’t rebuilt on a democratic basis. War crimes trials would be held.

Demilitarization & Reparations SECTION 1 Aftermath of War in Europe Demilitarization & Reparations Disbanded all German land, air, and sea forces All war industries to be dismantled. German economic recovery? Very different views ….

Aftermath of War in Europe Nuremberg Trials SECTION 1 Aftermath of War in Europe Nuremberg Trials 1945-46 Special international court Charged 22 Nazi leaders with crimes against humanity

Aftermath of War in Europe SECTION 1 Aftermath of War in Europe Oct 1945 charter ratified to establish the United Nations (UN). Primary purpose = maintain international peace and security Also designed to foster cooperation to solve cultural, economic, and social problems. Former First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt would be instrumental in persuading Americans of the importance of the UN.

Aftermath of War in Europe SECTION 1 Aftermath of War in Europe

Aftermath of War in Europe SECTION 1 Aftermath of War in Europe Each permanent member of the Security Council can prevent action by using its veto power.

Aftermath of War in Europe SECTION 1 Aftermath of War in Europe The war destroyed many European governments . . . Changes were happening. France has a new constitution in 1946. Italy abolishes their monarchy and becomes a republic! Soviet Union establishes communist govts in Eastern Europe.

Peace would not be easy. Aftermath of War in Europe SECTION 1 Aftermath of War in Europe Peace would not be easy. The Allies could not reach agreements. Austria is restored in 1955 but must agree to remain neutral. In the case of Germany, the Allies never reached a final settlement. Germany would be formally divided into West and East Germany – two separate countries.

CHAPTER 22 The Iron Curtain is shown dropping on Czechoslovakia in this 1948 political cartoon.