Lesson 1 The World’s People Human Geography Lesson 1 The World’s People

What factors contribute to Earth’s constantly rising population? •Earth's growing population is caused by falling death rates and more births than deaths. The death rate is the number of deaths compared to the total number of people in a population at any given time. •Increased population results in dangerously overcrowded cities, disease outbreaks, job shortages, poverty, crime, and pollution. •Populations grow at different rates in different parts of the world. This happens because families are influenced by their culture and religion.

What factors contribute to Earth’s constantly rising population? •Rapid population growth harms the environment by depleting natural resources. Doubling time is the number of years it takes a population to double in size based on its current population growth rate? •Birthrates in many parts of Asia, Africa, and South America are higher than in industrialized nations. Birthrate is the number of babies born compared to the total number of people in a population at any given time.

Why do more people live in some parts of the world than in others? •The geographic pattern of where people live on Earth is uneven. •People settle where there are resources to meet basic needs. •Population can be studied two ways: population density and population distribution. Population density is the average number of people living in a square mile or square kilometer. Population distribution is the geographic pattern of where people live. Urban areas are more densely populated, rural areas are not. •Only about 15 percent of Earth's surface is inhabitable.

Give me one example of a rural area and one example of an urban area.

What are the causes and effects of human migration? •Migration is one of the main causes of population shifts in the world today. •Push factors drive people to emigrate and include violence, war, persecution, natural disasters, and lack of jobs. •Pull factors attract people to an area and include the presence of friends and family, educational opportunities, and jobs. •Effects of migration include cultural blending and urbanization.

What’s the difference between emigrate and immigrate? — To leave a country •You can think of the prefix "E" in emigrate as meaning "exit." Immigrate — To enter a country •You can associate the "I" in immigrate with the word "into," or the migration "into" a country.

Urbanization •Urbanization is the physical growth of urban areas by the migration of people from the countryside, villages, towns, and suburbs into the city. •Urbanization concentrates resources and labor in a central location. This reduces costs and increases efficiency. •Urbanization also provides individuals with access to goods and services not available in more remote places. •Urbanization creates communities of diverse peoples and cultures.

Negative Effects of Urbanization •The large number of workers in a city can make wages lower, which increases the economic gap between the wealthiest and poorest people. •High levels of poverty create conditions that raise the level of crime in an urban area. •Urbanization negatively impacts the environment through air and water pollution, deforestation, and waste removal. Negative Effects of Urbanization