Extubating in the operating room after adult cardiac surgery safely improves outcomes and lowers costs  Vinay Badhwar, MD, Stephen Esper, MD, Maria Brooks, PhD, Suresh Mulukutla, MD, Regina Hardison, MS, Demetri Mallios, BS, Danny Chu, MD, Lawrence Wei, MD, Kathirvel Subramaniam, MD  The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  Volume 148, Issue 6, Pages 3101-3109.e1 (December 2014) DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.07.037 Copyright © 2014 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Flow diagram displaying the sequence of patient inclusion, classification of extubation in the operating room, and outside the operating room, and identification of the matched pair groups. ICU, Intensive care unit; TAVR, transcatheter aortic valve replacement. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2014 148, 3101-3109.e1DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.07.037) Copyright © 2014 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 A comparison of clinical and length of stay outcomes between the group 1 matched set of patients who were extubated in the operating room (n = 106) and patients who were extubated outside the operating room ≤12 hours (n = 106). A, The percentage of patients Left, who had any complication and Right, who were discharged from the hospital directly to their home. P values were determined from chi-square statistics from conditional logistic regression models stratified by the matched pairs. B, The median (red circle) and interquartile ranges (black lines) for the length of stay Left, in the intensive care unit and Right, from surgery to hospital discharge. P values were based on Wilcoxon signed rank tests stratified by the matched pairs. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2014 148, 3101-3109.e1DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.07.037) Copyright © 2014 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions