The Future of PETAL Technology Frank O’Connor ATN 2001 18th September 2001

PETAL-II Datalinks NEAN ATN FANS-1/A Maastricht SAS, Lufthansa SRA, ANZ, UAL, DLH, QFA, SIA, ACA, COA SAS, Lufthansa American Airlines NEAN (VDLM4) ATN (VDLM2) FANS-1/A (ACARS) Maastricht

ATN Concept ATN is a Mobile Aviation Internetwork which Provides Communications support for ATC and AOC traffic Interconnects Airborne and Ground Systems Provides High Availability, Prioritisation and other features required to support ATC traffic Provides a strategy for Integration of different types of Networks Integrates with and complements existing network infrastructure Re-uses existing products and technology ATN also Defines a set of CNS/ATM specific applications

ATN Distinguishing Features Mobile Routing Enhanced End-to-End Data Integrity Priority and Pre-emption Traffic Type (Security Parameter) Identification Policy Based Routing Air/Ground Datalink Compression Bit-Oriented Application Support using condensed Packed Encoding Rules (PER) Certified Software

ATN Technology Origins International Standards Based OSI was Governmental Standard when ATN Standards Development began Re-Use where Practical Existing Standards and Technologies Existing Infrastructure and Products Extend Standards where Necessary Air/Ground Segment Mobility End-to-End Reliability CNS/ATM Specific Applications

ATN Unique Protocols and Standards ATN Application Service Elements for: CM CPDLC ADS Mobile SNDCF and associated IS-SME Connected Oriented (v8208) Network Circuit between Airborne Router and Ground System

ATN Re-use/Extension to Standards (cont.) ATN Addressing Plan to provide unique addressing for ATN Airborne and Ground Systems ATN Router (Intermediate System) Protocols Networking Protocols adapted to support Mobile Internet OSI Routeing Exchange Protocols Extended to support Mobility, Prioritisation and Traffic Types IDRP (Inter-Domain Routeing Protocol) ES-IS (End-System to Intermediate System Protocol) CLNP (Connectionless Network Protocol) extended to support traffic type and prioritisation v8208 (8208 extended for VDL use) Policy Based Routing

ATN Re-use/Extension to Standards ATN End-System Protocols Provide the Airborne and Ground Applications with an ATN Interface to enable communication between them Dialogue Service Specified over Fast Byte Upper Layer Communications Services Transport Protocol(COTP/CLTP) enhanced to provide end-to-end integrity, and traffic type support

Why IP is not used instead of OSI OSI was a Governmental Standard when ATN Development started OSI has some advantages but a change to TCP/IP would be a major cost that cannot be technically or economically justified New SARPS would need to be developed IP Protocols would need to be extended in the same way as OSI to provide Mobility, End-to-End Integrity ….. Certified Products would need to be developed

ATN Datalink Components in PETAL Avionics Systems VDL Mode-2 Ground Infrastructure Maastricht ATC Systems

PETAL ATN Datalink Components Rockwell Collins Avionics CMU Airborne Router Air ATS ES Stack CM/CPDLC Apps. VDR Mode-2 VDL-M2 Gnd Station Maastricht Gnd/Gnd Router Air/Gnd Router Gnd/Gnd Router Gnd ATS ES Stack FDPS ARINC VDLM2 Ground Infrastructure

Avionics Systems Rockwell Collins CMU-900 VDR (Mode-2) MCDU Airborne ATN Router Airborne End-System Stack CM/CPDLC Applications VDR (Mode-2) MCDU

Airborne Router Establishes/Releases Mobile Connections to Air/Ground Routers over Available Sub-networks Relays Data between the Aircraft and Air/Ground Routers, handling compression ATN/OSI Technology include: Mobile Routeing Protocols IS-SME ES-IS IDRP CLNP (Connectionless Network Protocol) Mobile SNDCF v8208 Sub-network Support

Airborne End-System Stack Provides the Airborne Applications with an ATN Interface to enable communications with the Ground System Applications ATN/OSI Technology include: CM & CPDLC ASEs (Application Service Elements) Upper Layer Communications Services COTP (Connection Oriented Transport Protocol)

VDL Mode-2 Ground Infrastructure VDL M2 Ground Stations ATN Air/Ground Routers ATN Ground/Ground Routers Infrastructure Interconnections

VDL Mode-2 Ground Stations Controls the Establishment/Release of VDL Links between Airborne and Ground Radios Integrates the Ground VDRs with the Ground Networks by acting as a bridge Interfaces with the Air/Ground Routers ATN/OSI Technology: v8208 to provide connection-oriented VDL network link 8208 to provide connection to Air/Ground Router

Air/Ground Routers Keeps track of Aircraft connected to it and handles Mobility and Hand-over between Aircraft Propagates Routing Information using IDRP Relays Data between Aircraft and Ground Network ATN/OSI Technology: Mobile Routeing Protocols IS-SME ES-IS IDRP CLNP (Connectionless Network Protocol) Mobile SNDCF 8208 Sub-network Support

Ground/Ground Routers Propagates Routing Information for Aircraft and Ground system throughout Network using IDRP Relays Data between Ground Systems ATN/OSI Technology: IDRP Routeing Protocols CLNP (Connectionless Network Protocol) 8208 and other Sub-network Support

Infrastructure Interconnections Interconnections between Ground systems such as VDL Ground Stations, Ground/Ground Routers and End-System was accomplished using existing networks and products. The networks used include: IP and OSI LANs X.25 Other underlying networks used by telecom service providers

Maastricht ATC Systems ATIF Ground/Ground Router ATIF End System Stack Flight Data Processing System

Maastricht ATIF Ground/Ground Router Propagates Routing Information to/from External Networks Relays Data between Ground ATC Centre and External Networks ATN/OSI Technology: IDRP Routeing Protocols CLNP (Connectionless Network Protocol) 8208 and other Sub-network Support

Maastricht ATIF End-System Stack Provides the ATC Applications with an ATN Interface to enable communications with the Aircraft Applications ATN/OSI Technology include: CM & CPDLC ASEs (Application Service Elements) Upper Layer Communications Services COTP (Connection Oriented Transport Protocol) CLNP (Connectionless Network Layer)

Airtel ATN’s Involvement Airtel ATN was originally part of Retix, an OSI COTS Software Supplier Retix Supplied OSI Software for Early ATN Prototype such as EURATN Retix developed the TAR, TTS and Airborne TAR for Eurocontrol in support of ATIF and European ADS Trails based on Re-Use of COTS Software Airtel developed Airborne CM, CPDLC and ADS applications used in pre-PETAL trials TAR, TTS and Airborne TAR/TTS used in pre-PETAL trails on QinetiQ (DERA) BAC-111 and at Eurocontrol (Bretigny) site

Airtel ATN’s Involvement (cont.) The Extended and Enhanced Retix OSI COTS software is incorporated into the following PETAL systems: Rockwell Collins CMU-900 ATN Router and Upper Layer Communication Services ARINC Air/Ground and Ground/Ground ATN Router Software ProATN Ground/Ground Routers and End-Systems used in the Maastricht centre

Future Direction of ATC Datalink Technologies Co-existence of ATN/IP IP and ATN Traffic sharing same networks and datalinks where permitted IP used for Airline and Passenger Communications Standardised IP Sub-network to enable use of existing public and private IP networks within the ATN Additional Sub-Network Support VDLM4/VDLM3 as ATN Sub-Networks Spread Spectrum CDMA SATCOM Broadband Network Wireless LAN Gatelink

Future Direction of ATC Datalink Technologies (cont.) Security Utilise Industry Standard PKI (Public Key Encryption) Techniques, Procedures and Products Authentication of Mobile Systems (Aircraft) by DSP and ATSO End-to-End Confidentiality and Non-Disclosure