Determination of moderate-to-severe postoperative pain on the numeric rating scale: a cut-off point analysis applying four different methods H.J. Gerbershagen,

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Determination of moderate-to-severe postoperative pain on the numeric rating scale: a cut-off point analysis applying four different methods H.J. Gerbershagen, J. Rothaug, C.J. Kalkman, W. Meissner British Journal of Anaesthesia Volume 107, Issue 4, Pages 619-626 (October 2011) DOI: 10.1093/bja/aer195 Copyright © 2011 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Distribution of estimated tolerable postoperative pain intensities (NRS 0–10) before operation of the entire study population (n=435). British Journal of Anaesthesia 2011 107, 619-626DOI: (10.1093/bja/aer195) Copyright © 2011 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Differences in average and worst pain intensities among patients with and without the desire for more analgesics in the period from surgery to the first postoperative day. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2011 107, 619-626DOI: (10.1093/bja/aer195) Copyright © 2011 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Average and worst pain intensities reported by patients very satisfied and satisfied with postoperative pain treatment (NRS 10–15) compared with those who are less satisfied (NRS 0–9). British Journal of Anaesthesia 2011 107, 619-626DOI: (10.1093/bja/aer195) Copyright © 2011 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Relation between average and worst postoperative pain intensities (NRS 0–10) since surgery and pain-related interference. Pain-related interferences (NRS 0–10) are measured (i) during movement; (ii) when taking deep breaths or coughing; (iii) with sleep; and (iv) with mood. The mean of these four variables is shown as a total interference score. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2011 107, 619-626DOI: (10.1093/bja/aer195) Copyright © 2011 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 Average and worst pain intensities were each divided into three groups defined by their CPs. CP 4/6 stands for NRS 1–4, mild; NRS 5–6, moderate; and NRS 7–10, severe pain. For each CP, multivariate analyses were used with different methods (Pillai's trace, Wilks’ λ, and Hotelling's trace) to calculate the best relation of each CP with the average of four pain-related interferences (movement, deep breathing, sleep, and mood). The highest F-values indicate the most significant relationship between pain interference and the corresponding CPs. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2011 107, 619-626DOI: (10.1093/bja/aer195) Copyright © 2011 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions