Old vs. New Imperialism

~1450-1700 Mainly focused on finding trade routes to India Spices! No major conquest Mainly set up trade stations and colonies Motivations Spread Christianity (God) Gold/Silver (Gold) Spirit of adventure (Glory) Old Imperialism

Old Imperialism Major Characteristics Columbian Exchange Atlantic Slave Trade Old Imperialism

Columbian Exchange New plants, animals, and diseases exchanged between Europe and the Americas Part of massive trade network between Africa, Europe, and North America

Plants and Animals Old World New World Horses Potatoes Tobacco Cattle Wheat Tomatoes Oranges Sugar

Columbian Exchange Effects of the Exchange Population growth across the world New food = better nutrition European diseases devastate Native American population

Atlantic Slave Trade Primarily due to sugarcane Not enough Native Americans to use for labor Increased demand for African slaves Mainly from the west coast of Africa Supporters and critics Slaves became part of Triangular Trade

Europe Americas Africa Triangular Trade Enslaved Africans From Americas: Raw Goods (Tobacco, Molasses, Sugar, Cotton) In Europe: Manufactured goods From Europe: Guns and Cloth From Africa: Slaves Triangular Trade Enslaved Africans

Effects of the Slave Trade Depopulation in African states Increased warfare between African peoples More difficult to defend against further European colonization Continued use of African labor

New Imperialism Mid 1800s-1914 Sought to dominate foreign territories Controlled entire country instead of just trade stations Used economic and technological means to make areas dependent as suppliers of raw materials and consumers New weapons and inventions give Europeans an edge

New Technology

84% of the world was colonized

What Stayed the Same? Guided by feeling of superiority Exploitation of land, labor, and capital Guided by civilizing or Christianizing mission Use of new technologies Spirit of capitalism Markets exploited by dominant cultures