MRI-derived T2 relaxation times and cartilage morphometry of the tibio-femoral joint in subjects with and without osteoarthritis during a 1-year follow-up

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MRI-derived T2 relaxation times and cartilage morphometry of the tibio-femoral joint in subjects with and without osteoarthritis during a 1-year follow-up R. Stahl, M.D., G. Blumenkrantz, B.S., J. Carballido-Gamio, Ph.D., S. Zhao, Ph.D., T. Munoz, M.D., M.P. Hellio Le Graverand-Gastineau, M.D., Ph.D., X. Li, Ph.D., S. Majumdar, Ph.D., T.M. Link, M.D., Ph.D. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Volume 15, Issue 11, Pages 1225-1234 (November 2007) DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2007.04.018 Copyright © 2007 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Illustration of the automatic partitioning of the cartilage of the femoral condyles into weight- and non-weight-bearing regions. This algorithm consisted of three steps: first, the longitudinal axis of the femur was computed. Second, the intersection angle between the longitudinal femur axis and the angle of the normal vector to each point of the Bezier splines generated during the segmentation process was computed. Third, each point of the Bezier spline was assigned to a region: points belonging to the weight-bearing region were those with an absolute value of the intersection angle of ≤30° (as computed in the previous step); the remaining points belong to the non-weight-bearing region. The long arrows with a solid line are samples of normal vectors belonging to points within the weight-bearing area (solid bordered parts of the segmented cartilage); the short arrows with dashed lines are samples of normal vectors belonging to points of the non-weight-bearing areas (dashed bordered parts of the segmented cartilage). The thick vertical line parallels the longitudinal femur axis. The thin oblique lines delineate the border between weight- and non-weight-bearing areas in this section. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2007 15, 1225-1234DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2007.04.018) Copyright © 2007 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Color-coded T2 maps overlaid on SPGR images from the lateral femoro-tibial compartment. Left: a healthy volunteer; right: patient with early OA. In the healthy control, the T2 values were 34.21±11.09ms in the lateral femur condyle and 32.12±12.25ms in the lateral tibia. In the patient, the T2 values were 52.55±15.33ms in the lateral femur condyle and 40.96±19.37ms in the lateral tibia. The blank areas (arrows) in the color-map were excluded manually during the post-processing because of partial volume artifacts due to fluid. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2007 15, 1225-1234DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2007.04.018) Copyright © 2007 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 T2 relaxation times in the cartilage of the lateral compartment (a), the femur (b) and the whole tibio-femoral joint (c). OA patients present with significantly higher values than the controls. The T2 relaxation times showed a trend for decrease over time in both subject groups. However, this was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2007 15, 1225-1234DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2007.04.018) Copyright © 2007 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Cartilage volume in the lateral (a), medial (b) and whole tibial (c) compartments. OA patients had significantly lower values than the controls. OA patients exhibited a significant increase (P<0.05) of the mean cartilage volume in the lateral tibia plateau as well as in the whole tibia over time. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2007 15, 1225-1234DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2007.04.018) Copyright © 2007 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Average thickness of the cartilage in the lateral (a), medial (b) and whole tibial (c) compartments. OA patients had significantly lower values than the controls. The average thickness showed a trend to increase over time in the patient group. However, this was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2007 15, 1225-1234DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2007.04.018) Copyright © 2007 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 Illustration of the regression lines of the cartilage volume in the tibia of the OA patients over time. Two patients with a considerable amount of increase in volume could be identified (dashed line: 22.8%, dotted line: 16.9%; underlying data points depicted as crosses and squares, respectively). The remaining subjects showed a milder change in cartilage volume (solid lines: between −8.0% and 9.7%). Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2007 15, 1225-1234DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2007.04.018) Copyright © 2007 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions