Chapter 8 Section 5 “A Time of Crisis”
Church Splits 1309: papal court to Avignon, France Schism: split within the Church 1378: new pope in Rome French cardinals: pope in Avignon Solution: 1417: compromise candidate, Pope Martin V (Rome)
The Hundred Years War 1337-1453 France vs. England Why? Edward III of England claims French throne Power over English Channel
King of England Wants the French Throne
England Triumphs…at first English Victories: Crecy 1346 Poitiers 1356 Agincourt 1415 Why? Longbow beats old crossbow
France Triumphs 1429: Joan of Arc Captured in England 17 years old God told her to fight Captured in England Tried for witchcraft Burned at the stake Later declared a saint
Result of 100 years war France: England: Kings expand power Nationalism England: Parliament gains power Need for armies (not vassals)
Black Death The Black Death: Fleas carried by rats: bubonic plague Epidemic: outbreak of rapid-spreading disease 1300s: China (35 million people died) to Middle East Black Sea to Sicily Sicily to Italy Italy to Europe
Economy Suffers Workers die so production declines Survivors demand higher wages Inflation: rising prices Convert croplands to sheep raising Angry peasants and revolts