What is life? How are all living things organized? 6 Kingdoms of Life What is life? How are all living things organized?

Do not answer yet, just copy into left side. Engage Essential Question Explain List reasons why the man is a living thing. How are all living things organized? What makes a fish a fish? Why is a sunflower a sunflower? Why is a mushroom a fungus and not a plant? List reasons why the car is not a living thing. What makes bacteria different from other organism? Why are viruses not in any Kingdom?

Engage List reasons to support why this man is living. List reasons to support why this car is not living.

Characteristics of Life must meet ALL to be living Did you include all these in your engage answer about the man? Made up of 1 or more cells Metabolism Excretion / Homeostasis Movement Contains Genetic material Reproduction Growth and Development Response to Environment / Adapt Evolve

How do scientists organize living things? organism #1 organism #2 organism #3 organism #4 organism #5 organism #6 Kingdom Archeabacteria Eubacteria Protista Fungus Plantae Animalia Phylum Crenarchaeota Chlamydiae Sarcodina Basidiomycota Anthophyta Chordata Class Thermoprotei Tubulinea Agaricomycetes Dicotyledones Mammalia Order Acidilobales Chlamydiales Tubulinida Agaricales Fagales Carnivora Family Caldisphaeraceae Chlamydiaceae Amoebidae Amanitaceae Fagaceae Canidae Genus Caldisphaera Chlamydia Chaos Amanita Quercus Canis Species dracosis trachomatis chaos muscaria rubra familiaris Scientists use characteristics specific for each Kingdom to organize organisms. Using this organization, you should be able to make some generalizations based on what you know about taxonomic levels. In particular, the more levels of classification that two or more organisms share, the more similar they will be.

Copy this table. Use slides to fill in information. Domain Eukarya Eubacteria Archaebacteria Eukarya Kingdom Type of cell Multi or Unicellular Cell wall type Cell structures Mode of nutrition Genetic material Type of environment

The grouping of organisms into KINGDOMS is based on 3 main factors: 1. Cell Type (prokaryotic or eukaryotic) Prokaryote-no nucleus Eukaryote-has nucleus 2. Cell Number (unicellular or multicellular) Unicellular-one cell Multicellular-many celled 3. Feeding Type (autotroph or heterotroph) Autotroph-makes own food Heterotroph-consumes other organisms

3 Domains – copy this not in table Archaea and Eubacteria unicellular prokaryotes (no nucleus) no membrane-bound organelles Eukarya more complex most are multicellular, some unicellular eukaryotes (have nucleus) membrane-bound organelles

Sewage treatment plants, thermal vents, etc. Archaebacteria Use the following slide to fill in table. live in extremely harsh environments and may represent the first cells to have evolved Make own food using H2, S or CO2 extreme environments HOT, Acidic, Salty, Anaerobic Sewage treatment plants, thermal vents, etc. Unicellular no nucleus 1 circular chromosome

Live in the intestines of animals Eubacteria Unicellular No nucleus Cell wall made up of peptidoglycan some cause human diseases present in almost all habitats on earth Live in the intestines of animals Many bacteria are important environmentally and commercially. Some are autotrophic but most are heterotrophs 1 Circular chromosome, no nucleus

Protista Have DNA inside nucleus All live in marine or freshwater Most are unicellular Few are multicellular Some are autotrophic, others are heterotrophic 3 groups Animal-like Plant-like Fungus-like Fungus like protists (absorbtive heterotrophs) Animal like protists (heterotrophic) Plant like protists (autotrophic, cellulose cell walls)

Fungus DNA inside nucleus Multicellular, except yeast Absorptive heterotrophs (digest food outside their body & then absorb it) Cell walls made of chitin Found in marine, freshwater and terrestrial environments

Plantae DNA inside nucleus All Multicellular All Autotrophic use sunlight to make glucose – Photosynthesis Cell walls made of cellulose

Animalia DNA inside nucleus Multicellular No cell walls Ingestive heterotrophs (consume food & digest it inside their bodies) Feed on plants or animals

Viruses- copy this not in table Viruses are much smaller than bacteria. They are not an ancient life form. Viruses are virulent. They cause diseases like the flu or chicken pox. Most biologists agree that viruses are not alive. Viruses do not move, grow, or carry out respiration. Viruses need living host cells to reproduce.

Make a Dichotomous Key for Kingdoms 1a. Nucleus absent…go to 2 1b. Nucleus present…go to 2a. Lives in extreme environment…Archeabacteria 2b. Lives throughout earth…..Eubacteria 3a. 3b. . Organize the organisms in the pictures Use general characteristics in your notes

Matching Game All living things share characteristics. Match the squares to show your understanding of living things.

Using energy (ATP) to grow, develop and repair cells Prokaryote Taking in food Using energy (ATP) to grow, develop and repair cells Prokaryote Photosynthesis Organism that uses sunlight or inorganic molecules to make own food Metabolic process for making glucose Metabolism Digestion Cell with DNA but no nucleus or any membrane bound organelle Action, movement or change in behavior caused by stimulus that help organism survive Response / Adapt Ingestion Process by which food is broken down into simpler substances Process of getting rid of waste materials Excretion Autotroph

Smallest unit of all living things Eukaryote Grow and Develop Process by which group of organisms change through time based on their adaptations Eukaryote Grow and Develop Cell with DNA inside nucleus and other membrane bound organelles Genetic material with organisms trait information Multicellular Unicellular Ability to move around environment or transport substances inside body To increase in size and complexity Evolve Cells Made up of 1 cell Made up of many cells DNA/RNA Movement

The science of classification of living things. Heterotroph Organisms that digest food outside their bodies then absorb (ingest) molecules -fungi The science of classification of living things. Heterotroph Respiration Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species A series of two characteristics given to identify organisms. ribosome Virus A small infectious agent that can replicate only inside the cells of other organisms Metabolic process of using oxygen and glucose to make ATP Taxonomy Taxonomic levels Organism that ingests organic molecules as food Non membrane bound organelle used to make proteins Absorbtive heterotroph Dichotomous Key

Kingdom Type of cell Multi or Unicellular Cell wall type Domain Eubacteria Archaebacteria Eukarya Kingdom Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Type of cell Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Multi or Unicellular Uni uni Some Uni Some Multi Multi Few uni multi Cell wall type peptidoglycan No peptidoglycan cellulose chitin none Cell structures capsule Ribosomes Pili Flagella No nucleus Chloroplast Cilia ribosomes Nucleus Membrane bound organelles Hyphae mycellium Septum Many nuclei mitochondria Large vacuole membrane bound organelles Mitochondria centrioles Mode of nutrition Autotroph or heterotroph Autotroph (H2, S, CO2) absorbtive heterotroph (digest externally) Autotroph Heterotroph (digest internally) Genetic material Circular DNA 1 chromosome Linear DNA Many chromosomes Type of environment Through out earth, on and inside other living organisms extremely Salty, Hot, Acid, Anaerobic Marine freshwater Freshwater Terrestrial