SDZ Construction: Field Artillery (Indirect Fire) Inter-service Resident Range Safety Course (Intermediate) Version: August 2003 SDZ Construction: Field Artillery (Indirect Fire) Inter-service Resident Range Safety Course (Intermediate) SDZ Construction: Field Artillery (Indirect Fire)

Inter-service Resident Range Safety Course (Intermediate) Version: August 2003 What is Artillery? The generic term “artillery” is given to mounted, large-caliber weapons, such as cannons or rocket launchers, used in land warfare and manned by a crew. August 2003 SDZ Construction: Field Artillery (Indirect Fire)

Rockets Highly mobile, rapid-fire, surface-to-surface, free-flight rocket and guided missile. Complements cannon artillery to attack deep targets and to strike at counter fire, air defense and high payoff targets. 12 Rockets in less than 60 seconds at up to six aim points. 2 Missiles in less than 20 seconds at one or two aim points. August 2003

Cannon Artillery Ammunition Inter-service Resident Range Safety Course (Intermediate) Version: August 2003 Cannon Artillery Ammunition HE Family High explosive (HE) White phosphorous (WP) Hexachloroethane (HC) smoke Illumination Anti-personnel improved conventional munitions (APICM) August 2003 SDZ Construction: Field Artillery (Indirect Fire)

Cannon Artillery Ammunition Inter-service Resident Range Safety Course (Intermediate) Version: August 2003 Cannon Artillery Ammunition Dual-purpose improved conventional munitions (DPICM) Family Area denial artillery munition (ADAM) Remote anti-armor munition (RAAMS) August 2003 SDZ Construction: Field Artillery (Indirect Fire)

Cannon Artillery Ammunition Inter-service Resident Range Safety Course (Intermediate) Version: August 2003 Cannon Artillery Ammunition Base bleed (BB) DPICM family Copperhead family Rocket-assisted projectile (RAP) family Sense and destroy armor (SADARM) August 2003 SDZ Construction: Field Artillery (Indirect Fire)

Inter-service Resident Range Safety Course (Intermediate) Version: August 2003 August 2003 SDZ Construction: Field Artillery (Indirect Fire)

Rocket Artillery Ammunition August 2003

Degrees or Mils? “Mil” is short for milliradian (one-thousandth of a radian) A radian is a unit of measure for angles. Mils are more accurate than degrees In a complete circle, 360°, there are 2p radians (6.283 radians). 1000 milliradians = one radian There are 6283 milliradians in a circle. We’ve made things “simpler” by standardizing 6400 mils in a circle. August 2003

Converting Degrees and Mils Standard Conversion Formula: 1 degree = 17.777… mils To convert degrees to mils: Multiply degrees times 17.78 45° x 17.78 = 800.1 or 800 mils To convert mils to degrees: Divide mils by 17.78 3200 ÷ 17.78 = 179.9 or 180° August 2003

“True-ing” the Protractor Mils Scale Degrees Scale Index August 2003

Constructing an Indirect-Fire Field Artillery SDZ Construct the SDZ for the 155mm Howitzer, PROJ, HE, M107, FUZE, PD, M557. Dimensions of the SDZ for this weapon system are given in DA-PAM 385-63, Chapter 11, Table 11-1, and Figure 11-1. August 2003

Legend for Field Artillery Inter-service Resident Range Safety Course (Intermediate) Version: August 2003 Legend for Field Artillery Weapon: Ammo Type: Left Limit of Fire: Right Limit of Fire: Maximum Range: Mid Range: Minimum Range: PE (Deflection): PE (Range): Area A: Area B: Area C: Area E: Map Scale: Map Sheet: Map Series: Map Edition: Date: Name: August 2003 SDZ Construction: Field Artillery (Indirect Fire)

8PE Area B Impact Area 8PE Target Area Area A 12PE Area C Distance X Inter-service Resident Range Safety Course (Intermediate) Version: August 2003 8PE Area A Area B Impact Area 8PE Target Area 12PE Area C Area D Distance X Area E Firing Point August 2003 SDZ Construction: Field Artillery (Indirect Fire)

Plot the targets. Plot the firing point. August 2003

From the worksheet, locate and draw the right lateral limit. 5740 mils From the worksheet, locate and draw the left lateral limit. Left lateral limit = 5480 mils August 2003

From the firing point, scribe an arc at maximum range. Target Area Find the maximum range. Maximum range = 6750m From the firing point, scribe an arc at maximum range. Find the minimum range. Minimum range = 5550m From the firing point, scribe an arc at minimum range. This completes the Target Area. August 2003

Compute Mid-Range Maximum Range 6750m Minimum Range + 5550m 12,300m To determine mid-range, add together the maximum range and the minimum range and divide the total by 2: Maximum Range 6750m Minimum Range + 5550m 12,300m 12,300 ÷ 2 = 6150m Mid-Range = 6150m August 2003

Probable Error Constraints Probable Error Deflection (PED) 8 Probable Error Range (PER) Downrange 8 Uprange 12 August 2003

Probable Error Constraints From Table G (Charge 4G), Column 1, find the mid range and locate the probable errors for this range. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 R A N G E E L E V Probable Errors Angle of Fall COT Angle of Fall TML VEL MO R D Fuze M564 HB TB RB M MIL SEC M/S 5500 6000 6500 7000 344.9 389.0 438.3 495.5 20 23 25 28 14 17 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 30 32 33 35 389 441 500 565 2.5 2.2 1.9 1.6 262 259 257 255 517 647 804 1002 0.142 0.199 0.287 0.445 -0.12 -0.171 -0.238 -0.347 PER = 25 PED = 5 August 2003

At the mid range, measure out 50m and draw tic marks. Target Area Calculate the PED 8 x 5 = 40 (ˆ50m) At the mid range, measure out 50m and draw tic marks. From the firing point, draw lines through tic marks out past the target area. August 2003

Calculate the up-range PER 12 x 25 = 300m Target Area Calculate the up-range PER 12 x 25 = 300m At the uprange limit of the Target Area, measure back 300m toward the firing point. Draw a tic mark. From the firing point, scribe an arc through the tic mark. August 2003

Calculate the downrange PER Target Area Impact Area Calculate the downrange PER 8 x 25 = 200m At the downrange limit of the Target Area, measure out 200m away from the firing point. Draw a tic mark. From the firing point, scribe an arc through the tic mark. This completes the Impact Area. August 2003

From the lateral limits of the Impact Area, measure out 750m. Target Area Impact Area From Table 11-1, find Area A. Area A = 725m (ˆ750m) From the lateral limits of the Impact Area, measure out 750m. Draw tic marks. Draw straight lines through the tic marks. August 2003

From the down-range limit of the Impact Area, measure out 750m. Target Area Impact Area From Table 11-1, find Area B. Area B = 725m (ˆ750m) From the down-range limit of the Impact Area, measure out 750m. Draw a tic mark. From the firing point, scribe an arc through the tic mark. August 2003

Draw straight lines through the tic marks. Target Area Impact Area At the firing point, measure 25° to the left and right from the limits of the impact area. Draw tic marks. Draw straight lines through the tic marks. 25° August 2003

Area C Area C is the secondary danger area (buffer zone) on the up-range side of the impact area and parallel to Area B which contains fragments, debris, and components from exploding projectiles functioning on the near edge of the impact area. August 2003

Extend the up-range limit of the Impact Area. Target Area Impact Area Extend the up-range limit of the Impact Area. From Table 11-1, find the measurement of Area C. Area C = 350m Draw a tic mark at the Area C measurement. From the firing point, scribe an arc through the tic mark. August 2003

Connect the up-range and down-range lateral limits of Area C as shown. Target Area Impact Area Connect the up-range and down-range lateral limits of Area C as shown. This completes Area C. August 2003

Connect the up-range and down-range lateral limits of Area C as shown. Target Area Area B Impact Area Area A Connect the up-range and down-range lateral limits of Area C as shown. This completes Area C. Annotate Areas A, B, and C on the legend. Area C Erase any unnecessary lines. August 2003

Connect the up-range and down-range lateral limits of Area C as shown. Target Area Area B Impact Area Area A Connect the up-range and down-range lateral limits of Area C as shown. This completes Area C. Annotate Areas A, B, and C on the legend. Area C Erase any unnecessary lines. August 2003

Area E Area E is the danger area between an indirect fire weapon system and Area D. this area is endangered by muzzle debris, overpressure, blast, and hazardous impulse noise. August 2003

From the firing point, measure down-range 750m. Target Area Area B Impact Area Area A From Table 11-1, find Area E. Area E = 725m (ˆ750m) From the firing point, measure down-range 750m. Draw a tic mark. Area C From the firing point, scribe an arc through the tic mark for Area E. This completes Area E. August 2003

Annotate Area E on the legend. Target Area Area B Impact Area Area A Annotate Area E on the legend. Area C Area E August 2003

Area D Area D is the safe area between Areas C and E for indirect, overhead fire of unprotected personnel. August 2003

Annotate Area D on the legend. Target Area Area B Impact Area Area A Annotate Area D on the legend. Area C Area D Area E August 2003

Legend for Artillery Weapon: 155mm Howitzer Ammo Type: M557 HE PD Left Limit of Fire: 5480 mils Right Limit of Fire: 5740 mils Maximum Range: 6750m Mid Range: 6150m Minimum Range: 5550m PE (Deflection): 50m PE (Range): 300m / 200m Area A: 750m Area B: Area C: 350m Area E: Map Scale: 1:50,000 Map Sheet: Map Series: Map Edition: Date: Name: August 2003