张Andy http://www.tronest.cn Text Attack Skills 张Andy http://www.tronest.cn 创思英语：http://www.tronest.cn 英语阅读课件 英语专业泛读课件

Process of Reading Start with a purpose and plan Preview and predict Simplify complex sentences Identify cohesive devices Make inferences Summarize information Recognize the topic sentence Look for the thesis statement Work out the text structure Review the text Reflect on the writing 阅读的层次，包括read the lines, read between the lines 和read beyond the lines (plain sense reading, deductive reading, projective reading Reading a text in a foreign language is a very complex process. It involves a variety of skills, ranging from what Neville Grant calls “plain sense reading” through “deductive reading” to “projective reading” (Grant 1987). Plain sense reading, according to Grant, requires nothing more than what the term implies – i.e. the ability to understand what is stated in a text. Deductive reading involves the ability to draw inferences – deductions – from what is stated in a text. Or, in Grant’s words, learners should be able to do more than just “read the lines”: they should be able to “read between the lines”. Projective reading, finally, involves the ability to relate a text to one’s personal opinions, knowledge, imagination, and experience. Learners should be able to “read beyond the lines” (Grant 1987:61).

1 Start with a purpose and plan Gain BG information Collect specific facts One time and raud One time and skim Find simple information Learn for education One time and scan Times and study 阅读目的决定阅读计划和阅读方法，包括阅读速度和阅读深度

2 Preview and predict Read the title (subtitles) Pay attention to the author Predict the content Ask questions 预览标题或小标题、作者姓名等预测文章内容、提出思考问题

3 Simplify complex sentences There are things you would love to hear that you would never hear from the person whom you would like to hear them from; but do not be so deaf as not to hear it from the one who says it from his heart. This success coupled with later research showing that memory itself as not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. 句型分析 简化句型结构 化繁为简 将复杂句变成简单句

4 Identify cohesive devices When his father came home, Tom told him what had happened. The days are hot, the nights * cool. The boy heard her mother calling: the poor woman was crying with pain. 衔接手段 指代照应reference pro-forms 替代substitution 省略ellipsis 连接过渡conjunction transitional words 词汇衔接 lexical cohesion concurrence hyponymy synonymy antonymy The guests arrived, then the sports took place.

5 Make inferences John was driving home late last night from an exhausting business trip. John was a businessman. John was tired. 做出推测判断 理解隐含意思 John was eager to go home. Examples from the textbook

6 Summarize information 　 As a boy and then as an adult, I never lost my wonder at the personality that was Einstein. He was the only person I knew who had come to terms with himself and the world around him. He knew what he wanted and he wanted only this: to understand within his limits as a human being the nature of the universe and the logic and simplicity in its functioning. He knew there were answers beyond his intellectual reach. But this did not frustrate him. He was content to go as far as he could. 总结信息 提炼段落中心大意

7 Recognize the top sentence 　Einstein was purely and exclusively a theorist. He didn’t have the slightest interest in the practical application of his ideas and theories. His E=mc2 is probably the most famous equation in history — yet Einstein wouldn’t walk down the street to see a reactor create atomic energy. He won the Nobel Prize for his Photoelectric Theory, a series of equations that he considered relatively minor in importance, but he didn’t have any curiosity in observing how his theory made TV possible. 找出主题句中心句 句首句中句尾 隐藏 Unit 3 Book 3

8 Look for the thesis statement 　 Mother’s love A little boy came up to his mother in the kitchen one evening while she was fixing supper and handed her a piece of paper that he had been writing on. After his Mom dried her hands on an apron, she read it and this is what it said: For cutting the grass: $5.00 For cleaning up my room this week: $1.00 For going to the store for you: 50 cents …… 找出全文主旨句 能够表达中心大意的句子 Unit 5 Book 3

9 Work out the text structure Sequential or chronological pattern Spatial pattern Compare-contrast pattern Advantage-disadvantage pattern Cause-effect pattern Problem-solution pattern Topical pattern 文章结构 信息组织结构 文章模式 篇章模式 时间顺序 空间顺序 对比比较 优点缺点 因果 问题解决模式 总分模式 话题模式

10 Review the text Check comprehension Identify difficulties Learn important points 重读文章 检查阅读理解 找出重点和难点

11 Reflect on the writing Critique the author Critique the writing Reflect on the content 读后反思 作者背景 写作风格 文章思想内容