The Cell SPI 3210.1.1 -

2 main types Prokaryotes Smaller & simpler No nucleus Ex. bacteria Eukaryotes More complex Nucleus Ex. plants & animals

Nucleus Brain of cell; control center Strands of chromatin (chromosomes) = DNA Instructions for making proteins

Nucleolus: Darkened part in nucleus where ribosomes are made Nuclear membrane: a.k.a. nuclear envelope; has pores; allows materials to move in and out of nucleus

Cytoskeleton Helps to maintain shape & allow movement Microtubules- hollow tubes Microfilaments- long thin fibers

Ribosomes Where proteins are made Located in: rough Endoplasmic reticulum & in cytoplasm

Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough: Where cell membrane is made Proteins are modified Smooth: no ribosomes; makes enzymes that do stuff (e.x. make lipids)

Golgi Apparatus

Where proteins go when they leave the rough e.r. Enzymes attach carbohydrates & lipids to proteins They “package” them and then send them away

Lysosomes

Small Filled with enzymes Break down food particles to be used Break down old cell parts “digestion” A.k.a vessicles

Vacuoles

Storage Water, salt, proteins & carbs Small in animal cells; large in plant cells Pressure within allows plants to stand upright

Mitochondria

“powerhouse” Releases energy from stored food molecules Energy is used for growth, development & movement Contain some of their own DNA Comes from mom!!!

Chloroplasts

Plant cells (not animal) Use energy from the sun to make food Photosynthesis Contains chlorophyll

Centrioles Animal cells only Microtubules Involved in cell reproduction (mitosis)

Cytoplasm jelly-like substance in between the organelles in a cell

Cell Membrane Cell wall Not found in animal cells Selectively permeable to allow substances in an out of the cell. All cells Cell wall Not found in animal cells

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