AP U.S. GOPO September 10 and 11, 2015 What is Federalism? AP U.S. GOPO September 10 and 11, 2015

Federalism Sharing of power between local, state and national government

Three Systems of Government Unitary Federal Confederation Strong Central Government, states have few to no power, Most common government. (France , UK, and China) Power is housed in state governments, limited power may be allocated to central govern- ment. (Articles Of Confederation, Supranational Org. ) Power is shared between state and national government. Few Countries have this system. (Mexico, Nigeria, Brazil)

State v. National Government ….and the winner is?

How did the National Government gain power? Enumerated (expressed powers) powers specifically given in the Constitution of the U.S (ex: coining money, conductiong foreign relations Implied powers (McCulloch v. Maryland, Supremacy Clause and Implied Powers) Commerce Clause (all commerce production, renting, selling, buying, etc…that affects more than one state) or prohibits interstate travel Article 1 Sec. 8 “To regulate Commerce with Foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes.” Civil War Racial Equality (Jim Crow South) Brown v. Board of Education

State Power Reserved Powers 10th Amendment – The powers not delegated to the U.S. by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. Devolution Revolution- returning power back to the states (ex. 1996 Welfare reform policy under Clinton, led by the Republican congress)

State to State Obligations in Federal System Full Faith and Credit (ex. Marriage with exception Defense of Marriage Act) Extradition (returning a criminal to the state in which they committed the crime) Privileges and Immunities (ex. Fundamental rights received in state are available to people not from state, like police protection, welfare benefits. Exceptions may be out of state tuition at states colleges) Interstate Compacts – interstate agencies that affect an entire region (ex. Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission)

Fiscal Federalism Categorical Grants money is allocated through a formula and subject to detailed federal conditions, generally matching funds(main source of federal aid) a. Project Grant (NSF, NEH, building airports and highways) b. Formula Grant (Medicaid, Child Nutrition (school lunches) Block Grants – grants with few strings attached for prescribe activities (Welfare, Child care, Social Services Federal Mandate - national government waves the carrot of money over the state to preempt law

Well it Depends: Who do you think? Why? http://www.learner.org/courses/democracyinameri ca/dia_3/dia_3_video.html