Antebellum Era A Few Long-term Causes of the Civil War 1861 1776 ** Founders thought the country was an experiment!!! 1861 1776 A Few Long-term Causes of the Civil War Slavery (1619-1865, nature of American slavery) Ambiguities of the U.S. Constitution (1787) Can states leave the Union? * Is the Constitutional Union perpetual? Westward Expansion & “Manifest Destiny” (1803 – 1850) The issue of expansion of slavery into the western territories is what led the Southern states to secede.

Review Questions (1) The central question regarding the ambiguity of the Constitution relating to States Rights’ is _____________. A. Are slaves really worth only 3/5ths of a person B. Does the president have the authority to regulate slavery C. Are states able to leave the Union D. Are slave owners able to take their to any state or territory

Review Questions (2) The Second Great Awakening of 1800 to 1830 featured Protestant Christian revivals that motivated enthusiasm for moral and cultural reforms including the _____________, which had the effect of dividing the states of North and South. A. Temperance Movement B. Poverty Reforms C. Abolitionist Movement D. Public School Movement

Causes of U.S. Civil War – “LONG TERM” Second Great Awakening and Rise of Abolitionism in North (1830’s) “Circuit Riders” … Appeal to reform society … Liberator, William Lloyd Garrison (1831 – 1865)

Missouri Compromise (1820) Maine becomes a free state (2) Missouri becomes a slave state (3) Slavery prohibited north of 36 d. 30’ (4) Slavery allowed into Arkansas Territory south of 36 d. 30’

Adding new territory always adds to tension between North and South and leads to the questions – (1) Will this new territory allow slavery? and (2) How do we maintain the balance between free and slave states?

Conveys “Manifest Destiny” The painting is called “American Progress” by John Gast

Mexican-American War, 1846-48 - U.S. decision to annex Texas in 1845 brings war. - U.S. provokes war with Mexico.

Mexican Cession (1848) ** Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo Increased the size of the U.S. by 1/4. Modern states of Utah, Nevada, and California and parts of Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Wyoming Wilmot Proviso – proposed legislation to ban slavery from “Mexican Cession”; proposed in 1846, ‘47, & ‘48

Review Questions (3) The following event, called _____________, included California becoming a free state, the Fugitive Slave Law, and slavery possibly being allowed in the Mexican Cession. A. Popular Sovereignty B. Missouri Compromise C. Wilmot Proviso D. Kansas-Nebraska Act E. Compromise of 1850

of 1850 Compromise (1) Texas surrenders territorial claims (2) California a free state (3) Slavery not restricted in Mexican Cession, so “popular sovereignty” in Utah and New Mexico territories (4) Slave trade banned in Washington D.C. (5) Fugitive Slave Act

Review Questions (4) A law angering a lot of Northerners, called ____________, which led to the passage of personal liberty laws in Northern states. A. Popular Sovereignty B. Fugitive Slave Act C. Wilmot Proviso D. Compromise of 1848

Fugitive Slave Act (1850) After accusation, only an affidavit or testimony leads to arrest Accused has no right to testify Federal commissioners have incentive to rule in favor of slave catcher: Get $10 if judged slave Get $5 if judged free U.S. Marshals could deputize citizens to round up “escaped slaves”

Causes of U.S. Civil War – “LONG TERM” Rise of Abolitionism in North (post-1830’s) Appeal to reform society … Liberator, William Lloyd Garrison (1831 – 1865) Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852)

Review Questions (5) The U.S. Supreme Court decision of Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857), an attempt by Scott and his wife to sue for their freedom, did Not include ________________, which of the following decisions by Chief Justice Roger Taney. A. “The [African American] had no right the white man is bound to respect.” B. The Missouri Compromise is unconstitutional C. Only the President can limit the extension of slavery, not the Congress D. African Americans cannot sue and are not citizens of any state E. Slave owners may bring their slaves into any territory or state of their choice, because slaves are property

Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) ** Taney Court decides: (1) Dred Scott remains a slave (2) African-Americans not citizens of any state Supreme Court decides black people cannot bring suit in court (3) Protects property of slave-owners The Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional Slavery protected by 5th Amendment Slaves can be taken anywhere (4) Congress cannot make any laws respecting slavery

Abraham Lincoln February 12, 1809 - Lincoln is born.   ** Description of birth, upbringing, and education 1842 - Marries Mary Todd Lincoln      1855 & 1859 - Loses legislature’s vote for the Senate for Illinois.    Nov. 6, 1860 - Wins 1860 Presidential Election Sept. 22, 1862 - Issues Emancipation Proclamation Nov. 19, 1863 - Delivers the “Gettysburg Address”   Nov. 8, 1864 - Wins 1864 Presidential Election April 9, 1865 - General Lee surrenders April 14, 1865 - Shot by John Wilkes Booth and dies the next day Abraham Lincoln

Emancipation Proclamation Who is freed by the Emancipation Proclamation? Slaves in the South, not border states nor states already under Union authority What did it achieve? Technically, did not immediately free any slaves Pledged the Union Army to assist in freeing slaves Encouraged African Americans to join Union Army By what powers did President Lincoln achieve this? “War Powers” outlined in Constitution as Commander-in-Chief How did this change the war for the Union? Means the North is fighting to save the Union and is fighting to abolish slavery

Review Questions (6) An important Constitutional Amendment establishing “equal citizenship” with the Privilege Clause – “…No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities …” and the Equal Protection Clause – “…nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws” with the ____________. A. 13th Amendment B. 14th Amendment C. 15th Amendment

Amendments 14th Amendment 15th Amendment Equal Citizenship Right to Vote for African American males

Military Reconstruction Act of 1867 [1] Five Districts with military occupation [2] New state constitutions approved by U.S. Congress Ratify 14th Amendment Guarantee African American suffrage [3] Former Confederates cannot vote

Panic of 1873 Financial crisis that triggers a depression, lasting from 1873 to 1879.

Compromise of 1877 Contested election of Samuel Tilden (Democrat) and Rutherford B. Hayes (Republican). Political agreement ends Reconstruction.

Jim Crow Laws