The Origins and Environmental Implications of Pollutants in Car Exhaust Gases Francesca Lewis Acid Rain Smog masks

Photochemical smog Origins Many of the chemicals we will look at Environmental Implications Many harmful effects including damage to humans, materials and crops A brown coloration that obscures the sky with a yellow haze that lowers the visibility. This drives away tourists from coming.

Unburnt hydrocarbons (C x H y ) From unburnt fuel Careless workers Diesel engines Contributes to photochemical smog Flammable substances in air Cancer OriginEnvironmental Implications CxHy + (x + y/4) O2 xCO2 + (y/2) H2O CxHy + (2x + y/4) O2 xCO + (y/2) H2O

Carbon Monoxide CO(g) From incomplete combustion Cars and other vehicles Contributes to smog Death OriginEnvironmental Implications O2 + 2 C 2 CO H2O + C H2 + CO Complete Combustion

Particulates (C) From incomplete combustion Plants, factories and diesel engines Smoke Nausea, difficulty breathing, lung cancer and cardiovascular illnesses Reduce photosynthesis OriginEnvironmental Implications

Carbon dioxide Origins From combustion of hydrocarbons in petrol Environmental implications Greenhouse effect

Nitrogen oxides NO x Origins Lightning Combustion of nitrogen and oxygen in air when spark is passed in car engine Environmental implications Toxic to humans, contributes to photochemical smog, acid rain, damage to ozone layer N 2 + O 2 = 2NO 2NO + O 2 =2NO 2

Sulfur oxides Origins Combustion of Sulfur or Sulfur compounds in petrol Environmental implications Toxic to humans Damages plants Acid rain S + O 2 SO 2 2SO 2 + O 2 2SO 3