Chancellorsville May 1-4, 1863

Lee’s most brilliant victory (dividing his army) Lee’s costliest victory-loss of Jackson

Vicksburg May-June 1863

Anaconda Plan at its best Approx. 1 month, 2800 shells/day Union gains control of the Miss. River

Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863

Lee tries offensive move again Bloodiest battle: over 50,000 casualties: approx. 28,000 C, 25,000 U Over 4000 horses dead Turning point of the war South never tries the offensive move again

Gettysburg Address

March to the Sea Sept. 2-Dec. 1864

Deliberate destruction-”total war” Destroy all in his path-”make GA. howl” Destroy rail lines, fields, morale Helped break the will of the Confederates to fight on

Appomattox April 9, 1865

Lee surrenders to Grant “Gentlemen’s Agreement” Soldiers not punished as long as they obey the laws Soldiers are fed Soldiers may take their horses and mules home Marks the end of the war

Lincoln Assassinated April 14, 1865 Carried out 4/14/65 (surrender 4/9/65) Larger conspiracy-plot to kill 3 (Lincoln, VP Andrew Johnson and Sec. of St. Seward) Johnson-his assassin got drunk and cold feet Seward-stab wounds, survived Lincoln-assassinated by John Wilkes Booth Booth-confederate zealot, actor, fired derringer to back of Lincoln’s head as he watched “Our American Cousin” at Ford’s Theater “sic semper tyrannis”-motto of VA. Lincoln died 9 hrs later; Booth pursued in to VA. And killed in a burning barn

Samuel Mudd-involved??? (physician who set Booth’s leg) involvement questioned…”your name is Mudd” Mudd-sentenced to life, later pardoned by Johnson Mary Surratt-executed, 1st woman executed by federal govt. 4 hung-2 die immediately, 2 others, including Surratt slowly strangle Irony: Lincoln created the Secret Service earlier that day to suppress counterfeit money…commissioned in July

Lincoln’s Legacy Emancipation Proclamation-John C. Fremont issues an EP in MO. Aug. 1861: Lincoln vetoes it then issues his own Sept. 1862 (also recall 1st inaugural) Suspension of Habeas Corpus- when a man arrested sues, Chief Justice Taney rules Lincoln cannot do this…Lincoln ignores the ruling Gettysburg Address Assassination-MARTYRDOM?

Casualties of War Union Confederacy Total Service members 2,213,363 1,050,000 Battle Deaths 140,414 74,542 Other deaths in service-disease, prison, accidents 224,097 592,972 Disease: 197,388 Prison: 30,192 Accidents: 24,881 Disease: 140,000 Wounded 281,881 Unknown

Medical Conditions Poor sanitation, primitive medical practices, contaminated water supplies, amputations often infected

Medical Conditions

Prisons Andersonville, GA. Designed to hold 10,000; pop. Swelled to over 32,000 Deteriorating resources and overcrowding-health and nutritional conditions 12,912 deaths by war’s end Apart from the Lincoln conspirators, Conf. Henry Wirz who commanded Andersonville is the only other one executed for actions in the Civil War Federal prisons notorious for the same: Alton, IL. and Elmira, NY

54th Massachusetts Regiment 1st African-American regiment-for the Union Commissioned in 1863 after the Eman. Proc. Led by Colonel Robert Gould Shaw Initially mistreated, gained respect over time Movie “Glory”