Differential Expression of Cytokine mRNA in Skin Specimens from Patients with Erythema Migrans or Acrodermatitis Chronica Atrophicans  Robert R. Müllegger, Gail McHugh, Robin Ruthazer, Barbara Binder, Helmut Kerl, Allen C. Steere  Journal of Investigative Dermatology  Volume 115, Issue 6, Pages 1115-1123 (December 2000) DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00198.x Copyright © 2000 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Control experiments for ISH. Hybridization buffer with no probe was applied to a section obtained from a patient with EM with associated signs and symptoms. No cytokine-specific cells are visible (a). A section of a biopsy specimen from normal skin was hybridized to TNF-α antisense riboprobe. Note the minimal constitutive expression of cytokine mRNA (arrow) (b). A section of an inflamed tonsil was hybridized to IFN-γ antisense riboprobe. Signals are visible as granular perikaryal staining in T cell rich, extrafollicular areas (c). Scale bars: 12 μm. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2000 115, 1115-1123DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00198.x) Copyright © 2000 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Histopathology of lesional skin in patients with EM or ACA. In a patient with EM (a), perivascular infiltrates of mononuclear cells are seen throughout the dermis. In a patient with ACA (b), there is a more diffuse infiltration of mononuclear cells in the upper portion of the dermis. The sections are stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Scale bars: 100 μm (a), 50 μm (b). Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2000 115, 1115-1123DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00198.x) Copyright © 2000 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Expression of leukocyte differentiation antigens in lesional skin in patients with EM or ACA. In a patient with EM who had associated signs and symptoms, large numbers of CD68+ macrophages (a) and moderate numbers of CD3+ T cells (b) are seen in a perivascular infiltrate. In a patient with ACA, CD68+ macrophages (c) and CD20+ B cells (d) are shown. The number of macrophages is greater in the EM lesion than in the ACA lesion. Immunoperoxidase stained with anti-CD68 (a, c), anti-CD3 (b), or anti-CD20 (d) antibodies. Scale bars: 50 μm (a, c), 20 μm (b, d). Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2000 115, 1115-1123DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00198.x) Copyright © 2000 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Expression of cytokine mRNA in lesional skin in patients with EM with associated signs and symptoms. Perivascular infiltrates are shown from several representative patients with inflammatory cells that hybridized with antisense riboprobes for TNF-α (a, c), IFN-γ (b, d), or IL-1β (e). Signals are visible in individual cells as granular perikaryal staining (arrows). For comparison, no signals were found when staining was done with the control sense riboprobe for IFN-γ (f). Scale bars: 25 μm (a, b), 10 μm (c-f). Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2000 115, 1115-1123DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00198.x) Copyright © 2000 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Expression of cytokine mRNA in lesional skin in patients with ACA. Perivascular infiltrates are shown from representative patients with inflammatory cells that hybridized with antisense riboprobes for TNF-α (a, c) and IL-4 (b, d). Signals are visible in individual cells as granular perikaryal staining (arrows). Scale bars: 25 μm (a, b), 10 μm (c, d). Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2000 115, 1115-1123DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00198.x) Copyright © 2000 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions