Ohio Learning Standard #16 The consequences of World War I and worldwide depression set the stage for … rise of totalitarianism and aggressive Axis expansion

Greater Japanese Empire Formation of modern nation-state capable of resisting western intrusion & domination

Five Charter Oath

Empire of Japan Rapid In____________ & M____________ = Emergence as 2oth century world power capable of competing with Western Nations Imperialism goal = Conquest of lands in Asia & Pacific = Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere

Meiji Restoration National development & Internal stability: West____________ of Gov, Econ, Society Emphasis on expanding Military & Econ power Economy based on importing raw materials & exporting products like Textiles Concentration of Businesses into few major corporations – Z__________ (like Mitsubishi)

Role & Power of Emperor New style of Gov = C___________ M___________ = Emperor Himself has Right of Sov___________ (ultimate Power)… but according to provisions of the Constitution – with a D______ (Congress) Supreme command of A_______ & N________ Responsible for Economic modernization - including "model factories"

Kaigun becomes Power in East Asia Adoption of S_________ of I_____________ to prevent foreign states from blocking access to raw materials & crucial sea-lanes Expanding N______ to defend the vital resources essential for expansion Japan begins plan to build an extensive empire in East Asia

World War I Seize opportunity - European countries distracted by War … Japan expands its Sphere of Influence in Asia & the Pacific regions Allied with Britain to wage war on Germany to take over their colonies in Asia & Pacific region

Secret to Japan’s Strength - In___________ “The rise of Japan to a world power during the past 80 years is the greatest miracle in world history. The mighty empires of antiquity, the major political institutions of the Middle Ages and early modern era, the Spanish Empire, the British Empire, all needed centuries to achieve their full strength. Japan's rise has been meteoric. After only 80 years, it is one of the few great powers that determine the fate of the world.” - Albrecht Fürst von Urach

Antagonistic Relations with USA Industrialization requires heavy resources – Japan has critical lack … therefore, reliant on overseas Iron ore, rubber, & Oil Acquiring resource-rich territories could establish economic self-sufficiency & independence Malaysia & northern China Competition with Soviet Union

Massacre at Nanking Japanese troops crushed a major Chinese garrison – killing 300,000 - including Civilians Turns public opinion against Japanese expansion - USA responds with Economic Sanctions *cutting off vital resources such as iron & oil

Involvement in Axis Powers Faced with losing resources from USA Tri-partite alliance with Nazi Germany & Fascist Italy Plans of securing sources of raw materials from Malaysia & the East Indies

Japanese Expansion (1940s) … during early years of WWII Occupation of more Indochina (Vietnam & Cambodia) Occupation of East Indies (Malaysia & Singapore) Result: US expands Econ Sanctions (Embargo on oil & steel) Result: Heightens potential of war with the Soviet Union (Manchukuo)

Decision to attack Pearl Harbor Sanctions & Embargos threatened national existence Not want a tw0-front war with Soviets & Americans Relations with US deteriorating the more that Britain was threatened by Germany … resigned to inevitability US is likely to join the War against Germany & its Allies Successful 1st Strike attack could disable US fleet in Pacific which could take years to effectively rebuild Co-ordinated attack on Pacific – including Philippines