INJURIES TO MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM BODY FRAMEWORK Bones 206/ cartilage Appendicular Skeleton Axial Skeleton Muscles over 600 contract and expand Tendons connect muscles Ligaments connect bones and joints Joints provide ROM 5/2/2019 INJURIES TO MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

Functions of Musculoskeletal System Support the body with a rigid structure for attachment of body parts Provide bodies shape Allow for body movement Provide protection for the vital organs Produce blood cells in the bone marrow 5/2/2019 INJURIES TO MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

INJURIES TO EXTREMITIES Fractures- Open or Closed, chip, crack, complete break Greenstick fractures Dislocations- joints Sprains- to bones at the joint, tearing of ligaments Strains- to muscles 5/2/2019 INJURIES TO MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

INJURIES TO MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM SPRAINS and STRAINS A twisted ankle etc. is a sprain Muscle tears, pulls, etc. are strains Both involve injured tissues Blood and fluids seep from the torn blood vessels Ice for first 48-72 hours then heat Swelling occurs at site of injury Applying ice or cold pack constricts blood vessels Slows bleeding Reduces swelling Cold deadens nerve endings and relieves pain Heat speeds up chemical reactions for healing 5/2/2019 INJURIES TO MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

INJURIES TO MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM Causes of Injuries Direct force Indirect force Twisting force Osteoporosis Bone Cancer Falls Struck by or thrown against an object Caught or twisted arms or legs,hands, or feet 5/2/2019 INJURIES TO MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

INJURIES TO MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM OPEN FRACTURES Most dangerous type of fracture Occurs when an arm or a leg bends in such a way that bone ends tear through the skin Life threatening Severe bleeding, severed artery, risky infections, breathing problems 5/2/2019 INJURIES TO MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

Signs and Symptoms of Injury to Bones and Joints Pain Swelling Deformity Discoloration Loss of use Tenderness and pain, numbness Exposed bone Exposed bone Loss of distal pulse Numbness and tingling Patient heard sound of bone break, 5/2/2019 INJURIES TO MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

TOTAL PATIENT CARE Priority of Care Patient Assessment Skull Pelvis Thigh Rib Cage Any extremity injury 5/2/2019 INJURIES TO MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

INJURIES TO MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM Care For Fractures Perform assessment and prioritize injuries Cut away clothing to expose injury site Immobilize the extremity Apply a cold pack to the site Care for shock Maintain body temperature 5/2/2019 INJURIES TO MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

INJURIES TO MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM SPLINTING Splint only if the victim must be moved Only if you can do it without causing more pain Splint injury in the position found Support injured area Splint above and below injury with triangular bandage Check for circulation 5/2/2019 INJURIES TO MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

INJURIES TO MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM Types Of Splints Anatomical Rigid Soft Horseshoe Sling 5/2/2019 INJURIES TO MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

Causes of Spinal Cord Injuries Motor Vehicle Accidents Falls Acts of Violence Sports Injuries Other 5/2/2019 INJURIES TO MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

When To Suspect Head and Spine Injuries A fall from a height greater than victim’s Diving accident Person found unconscious Injury involving severe blunt force to head or trunk Penetration injury to head or trunk, gunshot wound etc. Victim not wearing seat belt Victim thrown from moving vehicle Victims helmet is broken Lightening strikes 5/2/2019 INJURIES TO MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

SPINAL COLUMN INJURIES Cervical 7 Thoracic 12 Lumbar 5 Sacrum 5 Coccyx 4 Intervertebral Disks Injuries to any of these structures can paralyze or kill These bones support head and trunk Nerves extend to body through openings in vertebrae 5/2/2019 INJURIES TO MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

Signals of Head and Spine Injuries Changes in consciousness Severe pain or pressure in head, neck, or back Tingling or loss of sensation Partial or complete loss of movement Unusual bumps or depressions on the head Blood or other fluids in ears or nose Heavy external bleeding of the head, neck, or back Seizures Impaired breathing or vision Nausea or vomiting Persistent headache Loss of balance Bruising of the head 5/2/2019 INJURIES TO MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

INJURIES TO MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM Care For Head Injuries Maintain open airway, jaw thrust Check ABC’s and Severe bleeding Minimize movement of the head and spine Place victim in resting position Reassure victim Maintain victims body temperature Provide care for shock 5/2/2019 INJURIES TO MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

Splinting Common Fractures Pelvic girdle Femur Elbow Shoulder Wrist/Hand Ankle Forearm Rib Cage Finger Anatomical Rigid Soft Sling All splints are a combination of the above 5/2/2019 INJURIES TO MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

INJURIES TO MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM ANATOMIC SPLINT Support injured area above and below the site of injury Check for feeling warmth and color Place several folded triangular bandages above and below the injured area Place uninjured area next to injured area Tie triangular bandages securely Recheck for feeling warmth and color 5/2/2019 INJURIES TO MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

INJURIES TO MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM Soft Splint Support the injured area above and below the site of the injury Check for feeling warmth and color Place several folded triangular bandages above and below the injured area Gently wrap a soft object around the injured area Tie triangular bandages securely Recheck for feeling warmth and color 5/2/2019 INJURIES TO MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

INJURIES TO MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM SLING Tie ends of sling at side of neck Bind injured area to chest with folded triangular bandage Recheck for feeling, warmth and color Support the injured area above and below the site of the injury Check for feeling, warmth, and color Place triangular bandage under injured arm and over uninjured shoulder to form a sling 5/2/2019 INJURIES TO MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

INJURIES TO MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM RIDGID SPLINT SUPPORT THE INJURED AREA ABOVE AND BELOW THE SITE OF INJURY CHECK FOR FEELING WARMTH AND COLOR PLACE RIDGID SPLINT (BOARD ETC) UNDER THE INJURED AREA AND THE JOINTS ABOVE AND BELOW THE INJURED AREA TIE SEVERAL FOLDED TRIANGULAR BANDAGES ABOVE AND BELOW THE INJURED AREA RECHECK FOR FEELING, WARMTH AND COLOR If a rigid splint is used on the forearm, you must also immobilize the elbow, use a sling 5/2/2019 INJURIES TO MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

INJURIES TO MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM VOCABULARY BONES MUSCLES HARD TISSUE LIGAMENTS TENDONS JOINTS CARTILIDGE CONTRACTION EXTENSION VERTEBRAE/COLUMN SPINAL CORD/BRAIN FRACTURE OPEN/CLOSED FRACTURE LIFE THREATENING SPRAIN DISLOCATION DEFORMITY PAIN SWELLING DISCOLORATION STRAIN R I C E SPLINT RIDGID SOFT ANATOMICAL SLING HORSESHOE 5/2/2019 INJURIES TO MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

INJURIES TO MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM VOCABULARY IMMOBILIZING SUPPORTING GREEN STICK FRAC. APPENDICULAR AXIAL DIZZY HEADACHES NAUSEA VOMITING DISORIENTATION PARALYSIS SEIZURE PELVIC GIRDLE FEMUR ELBOW SHOULDER WRIST/HAND ANKLE FOREARM RIBCAGE FINGER 5/2/2019 INJURIES TO MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM