Position Sensing Mechanical Optical Magnetic.

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Presentation transcript:

Position Sensing Mechanical Optical Magnetic

Mechanical Sensing - Microswitch

Microswitch Operation Switch exhibits mechanical hysteresis.

Microswitch Actuators

Optical Sensing LED’s and Photodiodes Transmissive/Reflective Modulated/Unmodulated Light-on/Dark-on Fiber optic

Transmissive & Reflective Sensors

Beam Pattern and Reflectance

Specular Reflection

Modulation “Chop” LED on and off at many kHz rate Bandpass filter after photodiode at the same frequency as chopping Threshold circuit after BPF generates on/off output

Magnetic Position Sensors Reed switches (sense permanent magnet) Inductive proximity sensors (eddy current) Hall Sensors (sense permanent magnet)

Inductive Proximity Sensor

Inductive Proximity Sensors

Hall Sensors Hall effect: constant voltage forces a constant current in semiconductor sheet magnetic field flux lines perpendicular to current cause proportional voltage across sheet. discovered by E.F.Hall in 1879 Linear sensor needs voltage regulator and amplifier Switch also needs threshold circuit, with hysteresis

Total effective air gap (TEAG) Sensitivity, Hysteresis, & Temperature Hall Switch Magnet motion head-on bypass or slide-by Total effective air gap (TEAG) Sensitivity, Hysteresis, & Temperature

Other Discrete Position Sensors capacitive ultrasonic variable reluctance (coil around magnet, senses moving ferrous material)

Incremental Encoders

Incremental Encoders Encoders typically run on +5V, not +24V Outputs are typ. not 24V compatible either

Absolute Encoders doubling resolution requires adding another photodiode/LED pair cost is much higher than incremental does not require seeking to establish reference location

Potentiometer A potentiometer (or pot) is a variable resistor wired to obtain a variable DC voltage proportional to position

Magnetostrictive Pos. Sensor Pulse sent down magnetostrictive material Pulse reflects off position magnet’s field Position is proportional to trcvd - tsent Pulse propagates at ~2800 m/s Resolution is ~.001” with tupdate ~1msec/in.

Magnetostrictive Sensor