The Cutaneous Microcirculation

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Presentation transcript:

The Cutaneous Microcirculation Irwin M. Braverman Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings Volume 5, Issue 1, Pages 3-9 (December 2000) DOI: 10.1046/j.1087-0024.2000.00010.x Copyright © 2000 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Schematic representation of the microvascular organization in human skin. E, epidermis; A, arteriole; V, venule; F, subcutaneous fat. (FromBraverman, 1989; with permission.) Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings 2000 5, 3-9DOI: (10.1046/j.1087-0024.2000.00010.x) Copyright © 2000 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Electron micrograph of postcapillary venule and adjacent terminal arteriole. E, venular endothelial cell; EA, arteriolar endothelial cell; P, pericyte; V, veil cell with thin cytoplasmic processes (arrows); M, mast cell. The small arrowhead indicates multilayered basement membrane material in venule; the large arrowhead points to homogeneous appearing basement membrane material in arterioles. Scale bar: 1 μm. Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings 2000 5, 3-9DOI: (10.1046/j.1087-0024.2000.00010.x) Copyright © 2000 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Topographic flux map of flexor forearm (6 × 6 grid, 6 mm × 6 mm area). A Medpacific LD5000 instrument was used at a gain of 10×. Highest flux readings indicate site of ascending arteriole. The asterisks indicate the areas of minimally detectable flux and relative avascularity. Scale of flux is shown in arbitrary millivolt units on Y-axis. Arrows indicate bridge between two vascular islands. (FromBraverman et al. 1992; with permission.) Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings 2000 5, 3-9DOI: (10.1046/j.1087-0024.2000.00010.x) Copyright © 2000 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Topographic contour maps of flexor forearm skin. Coordinates of needle probe placement shown on X, Y axes. Each point is 1.24 mm away from an adjacent coordinate. Scale of LDF values is in arbitrary units of millivolts. (a) Map based on CMBC values; (b) map based on flux values. Biopsy sites are labeled 1, 2, and 3. Areas that appear clear or have the least dense stipples are relatively avascular. (FromBraverman et al. 1992; with permission.) Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings 2000 5, 3-9DOI: (10.1046/j.1087-0024.2000.00010.x) Copyright © 2000 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Computer reconstruction of vessels present in papillary dermis. E, epidermis. Zone 1–2 contains dermal capillary loops and zone 2–3 contains vessels of horizontal plexus. A, ascending arteriole with five immediate branches; V, accompanying descending venule formed by nine converging postcapillary venules. (Braverman & Sibley 1990; with permission.) Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings 2000 5, 3-9DOI: (10.1046/j.1087-0024.2000.00010.x) Copyright © 2000 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 Computer reconstruction in Figure 5 rotated 70° on X-axis. Asterisk indicates space empty of arterioles and postcapillary vessels. Arrows indicate capillary loops in dermal papillae. A, ascending arteriole; V, descending arteriole. Width of reconstruction = 2 mm. (FromBraverman et al. 1990; with permission.) Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings 2000 5, 3-9DOI: (10.1046/j.1087-0024.2000.00010.x) Copyright © 2000 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions