TIMP-2 Mediated Inhibition of Angiogenesis

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TIMP-2 Mediated Inhibition of Angiogenesis Dong-Wan Seo, Hongmei Li, Liliana Guedez, Paul T. Wingfield, Tere Diaz, Rita Salloum, Bei-yang Wei, William G. Stetler-Stevenson Cell Volume 114, Issue 2, Pages 171-180 (July 2003) DOI: 10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00551-8

Figure 1 TIMP-2 Suppression of hMVEC Proliferation Is Independent of Anti-MMP Activity (A) Effects of MMP inhibitors on FGF-2-induced proliferation of hMVECs. Statistical significance is indicated (** p < 0.01). (B) Dose-dependent suppression of FGF-2- or VEGF-A-induced hMVEC proliferation. ○-TIMP-2+FGF-2; □-TIMP-2+VEGF-A; ■-Ala+TIMP-2+VEGF-A. Cell 2003 114, 171-180DOI: (10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00551-8)

Figure 2 TIMP-2 Binding to hMVEC Is Not Antagonized by FGF-2 or VEGF-A (A) 125I-TIMP-2 binding to hMVEC cells is dose dependent, saturable, and reversible. Curve fit analysis (GraphPad, Prism Software) reveals a KD = 0.9 ± 0.12 × 10−9 M (R2 = 0.999). (B) Angiogenic factors and RTK-blocking antibodies do not compete for 125I-TIMP-2 or 125I-Ala+TIMP-2 binding to hMVECs. Statistical significance is indicated (** p < 0.01). (C) TIMP-2 does not interfere with heparin-induced FGF-2 dimerization. FGF-2 dimers were separated by SDS-PAGE and quantified by autoradiography as previously described (Perollet et al., 1998). Cell 2003 114, 171-180DOI: (10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00551-8)

Figure 3 α3β1 Integrin Is a TIMP-2 Receptor (A) Competition binding of 125I-Ala+TIMP-2 (10 nM) to hMVEC by anti-integrin antibodies. Competition binding experiments were performed in the presence of anti-α integrin subunit antibodies (left image) or anti-β integrin subunit antibodies (right image). Statistical significance is indicated (* p < 0.05). (B) In vitro binding of TIMP-2 to purified integrin heterodimers. Statistical significance is indicated (* p < 0.05; **p < 0.01). (C) Analysis of TIMP-2 immunoprecipitates. Cell lysates from untreated (control) or Ala+TIMP-2-treated hMVECs were immunoprecipitated using anti-TIMP-2 antibody and analysis for integrin subunits was performed by Western blotting. Whole-cell lysates (WCL) were used as positive controls. (D) TIMP-2 binding to α3β1 alters association with SHP-1 and HSP60. Both anti-α3 and anti-β1 immunoprecipitates from hMVECs were analyzed by Western blot for the association of SHP-1 and HSP60. (E) β1-deficient murine embryonic fibroblasts are resistant to TIMP-2 suppression of PDGF-induced proliferation. Both GD25 β1-deficient murine embryonic fibroblasts (left image) and GD25-β1A cells with reconstituted β1 expression (right image) were treated with PDGF (100 ng/ml) alone, Ala+TIMP-2 (100 nM) alone or both Ala+TIMP-2 and PDGF. Cell proliferation assays were conducted following 24 hr incubation (**p < 0.01). Cell 2003 114, 171-180DOI: (10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00551-8)

Figure 4 TIMP-2 Suppression of Endothelial Cell Proliferation Is Dependent on Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase SHP-1 Activity (A) Orthovanadate reverses TIMP-2 effect on FGF-2- and VEGF-A-stimulated endothelial cell proliferation. Statistical significance is indicated (** p < 0.01). (B) TIMP-2 treatment reduces FGFR-1 and KDR phosphorylation/activation. Anti-FGFR-1 (left image) or KDR (right image) immunoprecipitates were resolved by SDS-PAGE and Western blotted with antiphosphotyrosine residues (PY-20), anti-FGFR-1 (H-76, loading control), or anti-KDR antibody (loading control). Orthovanadate treatment under basal conditions did not increase RTK phosphorylation (as indicated by +/−). Anti-FGFR-1 and anti-KDR immunoprecipitates were also analyzed for SHP-1 association by Western blotting. Integrated density values (and ratios) are for the blot shown. (C) Dominant-negative SHP-1 expression reverses TIMP-2 suppression of hMVEC proliferation. Cell 2003 114, 171-180DOI: (10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00551-8)

Figure 5 Effects of TIMP-2 and Ala+TIMP-2 on Angiogenesis In Vivo (A) Directed in vivo angiogenesis assay (DIVAA) was performed to determine effects of TIMP or Ala+TIMP-2 on in vivo angiogenesis. Control experiments indicate that neither TIMP-2 nor orthovanadate (Vn) induce a significant angiogenic response compared to negative control. FGF-2 or VEGF-A (each 500 ng/mL) induce significant angiogenic responses that are suppressed (80% inhibition) by either TIMP-2 or Ala+TIMP-2. The suppressive effects of both TIMP-2 and Ala+TIMP-2 are reversed by inclusion of orthovanadate (Vn, 10 μM). Statistical significance is indicated (* p < 0.05). (B) Dose-response of sodium orthovanadate on MMP-2 activity and TIMP-2 anti-MMP activity. MMP-2 alone (•); MMP inhibitor activity of TIMP-2 (□) and Ala+TIMP-2 (■). Cell 2003 114, 171-180DOI: (10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00551-8)