Insect Navigation: How Do Wasps Get Home? Thomas S. Collett, Andy Philippides, Natalie Hempel de Ibarra  Current Biology  Volume 26, Issue 4, Pages R166-R168 (February 2016) DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.01.003 Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Some common features of learning and return flights. (A) Sequence of 12 frames (every 20 ms) showing part of an arc of a Cerceris australis learning flight. Frames between the dotted lines occur between saccades, when gaze direction is fixed. The wasp’s movement over the ground can be followed relative to the twig, emphasised by a black line. Wasp height is 1–2 cm. N = nest. (B) Trajectories of a learning flight (black) and subsequent return flight (red, R), lasting respectively 8 and 1.6 seconds. Segments in which both flights are in similar positions and in which the wasp faces in similar orientations are marked in blue. The same pair of flights is shown viewed from the top (left) and from two perpendicular viewpoints to the side (right). (C) A learning flight (left) and the following return flight (right) from a bumblebee illustrating the similarity between their loops and zigzags. Dots give the bee’s position every 20 ms. Body orientation is indicated by a line when the bee faces within ±10o of the nest (+). (A,B kindly supplied by Jochen Zeil; C taken from [13].) Current Biology 2016 26, R166-R168DOI: (10.1016/j.cub.2016.01.003) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions