The Great War 8.01

Causes of WWI Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism

Archduke Franz Ferdinand Franz Ferdinand was assassinated by a Serbian Nationalist, Gavrilo Princip. This sparked WWI.

WWI: How It All Went Down http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=njINCi9iIrA&feature=BF&list=SPF362702F9F1A1984&index=1

Declaration of War Austria Hungary Declares war on Serbia. Germany declares war on Russia, then France. Britain comes to the aid of France. Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire come to Germany’s aid. America remains neutral.

Alliances Divide Europe Allied Powers- Serbia, Russia, France, Great Britain, Italy. In 1917, the United States entered the war and Russia had a communist revolution and pulled out of the war Central Powers- Austria Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire

America‘s Neutrality

America Prepares for War!

Anti-War Protestors Jane Addams- declared herself a pacifist and spoke against WWI. She later joined the Women’s Peace Party. Robert Lafollette- opposed Wilson’s policies and the war. Was labeled pro-German by other Congressional leaders.

Government Controls over the Economy War Industries Board – led by Bernard Baruch, urged companies to use mass production methods and standardized parts to increase industrial production. Food Administration - led by Herbert Hoover, Organized food conservation. Such as Meatless Mondays, Wheatless Wednesdays and Victory Gardens. National War Labor Board – arbitrated disputes between workers and management to make sue that factories kept producing during the war. If workers did not heed the decisions of the NWLB they could be drafted into the war.

Wartime Propaganda and Finance Committee on Public Information led by George Creel a.k.a. “Creel Committee” Financing the War: Progressive Income Tax Excise Tax: Tobacco, Liquor, Liberty Bonds – War Bonds

Conservation Efforts on the Home-front Fuel Administration- Organized the rationing of gasoline Food Administration- Organized food conservation. Meatless Mondays Wheat less Wednesdays Victory Gardens

Changing Roles Women Men not fighting in the war continued working. Since there was a worker shortage women also helped pick up the slack driving trucks, working in factories etc. Their Efforts in the war will help convince many to support the 19th Amendment.

African Americans Contribute WEB Dubois – urged blacks to contribute as he thought that African Americans would be able to gain equal rights if they helped the nation during WWI.

Suspension of Civil Liberties

Selective Service Act

Espionage and Sedition Acts Anyone interfering with the war effort, or speaking about the government in a profane, disloyal or abusive manner would be subject to a fine of $100,000 and 20 yrs in jail.

Schenck vs. U.S. (1919) Facts: Charles Schenck was arrested and convicted of sedition for distributing leaflets encouraging men to avoid the draft. Schenck appeals his conviction based on the 1st Amendment right to freedom of speech and press. Ruling: Supreme Court rules against Schenck establishing the doctrine of “clear and present danger” saying that if an action creates a “clear and present danger to the public, then the action (speech or written document) is not protected by the 1st Amendment. Charles Schenck