Small Molecule Control of Chromatin Remodeling Aidan Finley, Robert A. Copeland  Chemistry & Biology  Volume 21, Issue 9, Pages 1196-1210 (September 2014) DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2014.07.024 Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Cartoon of the Conformational Transition of Chromatin from the More Open, Uncondensed Euchromatin State to the More Condensed Heterochromatin State Purple and red spheres represent individual histone proteins comprising the nucleosome core around which the DNA (turquoise) is wrapped. Small circles are meant to represent covalent modifications to the DNA and histones. Chemistry & Biology 2014 21, 1196-1210DOI: (10.1016/j.chembiol.2014.07.024) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Reversible Methylation of Cytosine within CpG Islands of DNA Methylation is catalyzed by the DNMT class of enzymes and reversed, in a multistep process, by the TET class of enzymes. See text for further details. SAM, S-adenosyl methionine; SAH, S-adenosyl homocysteine; α-KG, alpha-ketoglutarate. Chemistry & Biology 2014 21, 1196-1210DOI: (10.1016/j.chembiol.2014.07.024) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 The Chemistry of Histone Acetylation (A) Reaction mechanism for the histone acetyltransferases (HATs). (B) Reaction mechanism for the metal-dependent histone deacetylases (HDACs). (C) Reaction mechanism for the Sirtuin histone deacetylases. Chemistry & Biology 2014 21, 1196-1210DOI: (10.1016/j.chembiol.2014.07.024) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 The Chemistry of Histone Methylation (A) The common methyl group donor SAM is converted to SAH by all protein methyltransferases (PMTs). (B) Stepwise methylation of the ε-nitrogen of lysine side chains by the protein lysine methyltransferases (PKMTs) and of the side chain guanidino group of arginine by the protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs). (C) Reaction mechanism for the flavin-dependent lysine demethylases (LSDs). (D) Reaction mechanism for the iron-dependent lysine demethylases (JmjC). Chemistry & Biology 2014 21, 1196-1210DOI: (10.1016/j.chembiol.2014.07.024) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Small Molecule Modulators of Histone Acetylation (A) Histone acetyltransferase (HAT) inhibitors. (B) Metal-dependent histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. (C) BET domain protein antagonists. Chemistry & Biology 2014 21, 1196-1210DOI: (10.1016/j.chembiol.2014.07.024) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 Small Molecule Modulators of Histone Methylation (A) Protein methyltransferase (PMT) inhibitors. (B) Lysine demethylase (KDM) inhibitors. (C) KMe reader domain protein antagonists. Chemistry & Biology 2014 21, 1196-1210DOI: (10.1016/j.chembiol.2014.07.024) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions