PLANT TEST REVIEW Remember to complete and turn in your study guide and book questions Bring books to class tomorrow

1) List the 4 main characteristics of plants. Autotrophic, eukaryotic, multi-cellular, Cell wall of cellulose 2) Distinguish plants from fungi by writing either P for plant, F for fungi, or B for both: a)Eukaryotic and multicellular B b)Autotrophic/producer P c)Decomposer F d) Cell wall of cellulose e)Cell wall of chitin f)Absorptive heterotroph

3) a) Waxy, waterproof covering of leaves Cuticle b) Little openings on leaves to allow CO2 to enter Stomata c) Special tissue to transport water and sugar Vascular tissue (Xylem and Phloem) d) Anchors plant, Absorbs nutrients, stores sugars Roots e) Supports plant, transports water and sugar between roots and leaves Stems f)Carries out photosynthesis Leaves

4) What two plant groups make spores instead of seeds? Mosses and Ferns (Bryophytes and Tracheophytes) 5) What do Bryophytes lack that all other plant groups have? What does this mean for their size? Vascular Tissue; Small 6) Why must ferns and mosses live near water? Reproduction (sperm to swin to egg 7) What is the advantage of seeds over spores? What two groups of plants produce seeds? Can germinate at best times; Gymnosperms and Angiosperms 8) Label the 3 parts of a seed. Circle the part that is a food source. Underline the part that will become the new plant. A) Seed Coat B) Cotyledon (food source) C) Embryo (new plant) 9) What group of plants means “Naked seed” and produces seeds in cones? Gymnosperms 10) How are these plants pollinated and seeds spread? Wind

What is the advantage of seeds over spores? Food source (cotyledon) – Allows germination at best time Dispersal – Spreading of seed What 2 plant groups lack seeds and what does this mean? Bryophytes (mosses) and ferns; Need water for reproduction

11) Which is the most successful group of plants? Angiosperms 12) What angiosperm structure increases pollination and fertilization by attracting insects and birds? Flowers 13) What angiosperm structure increases dispersal of seeds? Fruits; Animals eat the fruits and the seed is passed out of the digestive system. Some animals (such as birds) can disperse the seeds across great distances

A) D B) E C F 33) Identify the structures on the flower A=Anther B=Filament 34) What are A and B collectively called? Stamen 35) What are D, E, C, F collectively called? Pistil/Carpal 36) What will become the fruit? seed? C (ovary), What will become the F (ovule) 37) Identify the functions of A, D, A – Makes Pollen D – Stigma (receives pollen) A) D B) E C F

FLOWERS INCREASE THE CHANCE OF POLLINATION

Coevolution – Flowering plants and their pollinators often evolve together

TO MAKE SEED,THIS MUST HAPPEN: 1. POLLINATION = transfer of pollen from stamen to pistil (by wind, water, animals) 2. FERTILIZATION (DOUBLE) occurs when 2 sperm cells (in pollen) unite with 2 egg cells (in ovule inside ovary) to produce zygote  embryo plant & cotyledon (food source for embryo) OVULE  SEED OVARY  FRUIT

14) Distinguish monocots from dicots by writing M for monocot and D for dictot: a)Parallel veins b)Net veins D c)Flower parts in 3s d)Flower parts in 4s/5s e) 1 seed leaf f) 2 seed leaves g) taproot h)fibrous root system

What is the lifecycle of a plant as shown in the pictures? Alternation of generations What 2 stages does the cycle alternate between. Gametophyte (which is haploid and makes gametes) Sporophyte (diploid and makes spores) 18) Mosses are the only group that are ________ dominant. Gametophyte

b) What is the term for active xylem towards the outside of the tree? 21) a)What is the term for inactive xylem that makes up the hard center of a tree? a)Heartwood b) What is the term for active xylem towards the outside of the tree? b) Sapwood 22) What does phloem carry and where is it found? Sugar (Sap); Under bark 23) What layer produces new xylem and phloem? Vascular Cambium VASCULAR CAMBIUM – makes Xylem & phloem BARK w/ phloem

24) a) How can you determine the age of a tree? a) Count rings b) )What are the tree rings made of? b) Xylem c)How can you determine if the amount of rainfall in a given year? c) Thicker Xylem = more rainfall

25) What is the main function of a leaf? Photosynthesis 26) a)When a plant opens its stomata, what enters? a)Carbon Dioxide; b)What escapes? b) Oxygen and Water c) When would a desert plant be most likely to open its stomata? C) Night d) Why? d) Decrease water loss CUTICLE STOMA

27) Why do some trees (Deciduous) shed their leaves when there is less sunlight? There is less light during the winter so the plant is unable to do as much photosynthesis In some plants, the energy to maintain the leaves is not worth the energy they would get from the lower photosynthesis so they go dormant and live off sugars stored in their roots

28) Name the plant type: a) Grows only 1 season B) Continue to come back yearly A)Annual B)Perennial Annuals often have the brightest flowers b/c they only have 1 opportunity to attract insects/animals for pollination

29) What term describes a chemical produced in one part of an organism that affects another? Hormone 30) Name the hormone: a) Stimulates root growth A)Auxin b) Stimulates germination b) Giberellin c) Causes fruit ripening c)Ethylene

AUXIN PROMOTES ROOT GROWTH ON CUTTINGS                                        AUXIN PROMOTES ROOT GROWTH ON CUTTINGS

PLANT HORMONES HORMONE FUNCTION USES 2. GIBBERELLINS Control plant height & BUD development Causes seed to GERMINATE

Ethylene released from a plant causes ripening of a fruit PUT FRUIT IN PAPER BAG TO SPEED RIPENING

31) What term describes a plant response to environmental stimuli Tropism 32) Name the tropism (indicate which part shows a + response and which (if applicable) shows a negative response: a) Response to light A)Phototropism (stem + (grows toward light)) b) Response to gravity b)Gravitropism (geotropism) (stem – (grows away from gravity, roots + (Grows towards gravity) c) Response to touch c) Thigmotropism

PHOTOTROPISM STEM = +

THIGMOTROPISM  TOUCH