Prenatal farm exposure is related to the expression of receptors of the innate immunity and to atopic sensitization in school-age children Markus Johannes.

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Prenatal farm exposure is related to the expression of receptors of the innate immunity and to atopic sensitization in school-age children Markus Johannes Ege, MD, Christian Bieli, MD, Remo Frei, MSc, Robert Theodoor van Strien, PhD, Josef Riedler, MD, Ellen Üblagger, MD, Dieneke Schram-Bijkerk, MSc, Bert Brunekreef, PhD, Marianne van Hage, MD, PhD, Annika Scheynius, MD, PhD, Göran Pershagen, MD, PhD, Marcus R. Benz, MD, Roger Lauener, MD, Erika von Mutius, MD, Charlotte Braun-Fahrländer, MD, the PARSIFAL Study team Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Volume 117, Issue 4, Pages 817-823 (April 2006) DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.1307 Copyright © 2006 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Adjusted ORs for maternal work in stables during pregnancy on atopic sensitization across countries. As a cut-off point for atopic sensitization, a value of 3.5 kU/L or greater was used. The ORs are given separately for the following countries: Austria (AT), Germany (GE), the Netherlands (NL), Switzerland (CH), and Sweden (SE). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2006 117, 817-823DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.1307) Copyright © 2006 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 The x-axis shows increasing numbers of different farm animal species the mother had contact with during pregnancy (n = 322). The y-axis shows geometric means (dots) of gene expression of TLR2, TLR4, and CD14, respectively, which were normalized by dividing by gene expression of 18s rRNA. In addition, the linear fit of the association (solid line), along with the corresponding 95% CI (dashed line), is displayed. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, family history of atopy, parental education, environmental tobacco smoking, maternal smoking during pregnancy, number of older siblings, contact with pets ever, child's current exposure to a farming lifestyle, child's exposure to farm animals, and predominant farm milk consumption of the child. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2006 117, 817-823DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.1307) Copyright © 2006 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Terms and Conditions