Effective Tools & Techniques for PSMA implementation GFETW 2019 Bradley Soule – Chief Fisheries Analyst at OceanMind

It creates the need for governments to: PSMA requirements The effective implementation of the PSMA is a requirement in overcoming the problem of IUU fishing. It creates the need for governments to: process significant new volumes of information correctly interpret big data from tracking technologies understand the ever changing fisheries regimes of different countries across the planet Technology Insight Article 6 of the PSMA (Cooperation and exchange of information) calls for each party to cooperate and exchange information with other states, regional fisheries bodies, and other intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) to support the conservation and management measures of other states and IGOs. This means that a party to the PSMA could check compliance with any fishery regulation in the world for a vessel pulling into their ports. Then in Article 16, the PSMA call for each party to “establish a communication mechanism that allows for direct electronic exchange of information, with due regard to appropriate confidentiality requirements.” These two provisions, along with similar opportunities in the PSMA, create the need for governments to process and understand significant new volumes of information to understand the activities of all fishing vessels visiting their ports, even those that did not fish in their waters.

PSMA implementation in thailand Every year approximately 400 foreign-flagged vessels make deliveries of fish products to Thai ports 400 foreign vessels Each refrigerated cargo vessel receives catch from between 5 to 15 donor fishing vessels 15 donor fishing vessels each Thailand receives 805,801 tonnes and exports 481,748 tonnes of Tuna each year 805,801 tonnes Look for indicators of vessels entering the country without reporting Un-declared port visits

PSMA implementation in thailand Export Offload controls Allow or deny offload Onboard investigation in port Allow or deny entry to port AREP risk assessment used to target investigation

AREP analysis and risk assessment Verify identity Tracking analysis to confirm vessel activity Confirm donor vessel catch areas Confirm transhipment port and dates At-sea proximity analysis Identify risks in vessel behaviour (slow speeds, gaps) Compliance with regulations, closed areas/closed seasons Compliance with licenses/ authorisations Recommendations for follow-up investigation Produce overall risk assessment OceanMind has been supporting Thailand’s DOF and industry by analysing advance requests to enter ports (AREPs) to verify the legality of the catch onboard and provide a robust risk assessment for every vessel. OceanMInd cross checks activity reported on the AREP with observed activity. AREP risk analysis involves many variables, including: vessel identity, tracking data and activity, and compliance with permits and regulations. Observations must be cross-checked with the reported information to create a risk profile so that port inspectors can target higher risk vessels and maximise their inspection resources and conduct targeted outreach to coastal and flag states Lessons learned for how to conduct this analysis and communicate results.

Foreign-flagged vessels landing in Thailand This is the AIS tracks on all foreign flagged vessels that submitted AREPs in 2018 – 230 AREPs in total for 2018

Gaps in information identified and recommendations for follow-up Target Investigation Gaps in information identified and recommendations for follow-up Gaps in positional data = request VMS Confirm valid fishing licenses Confirm trip dates Last port call / high risk port calls Authorities outreach to coastal and flag states to verify legality Empowers the port state to make informed decisions on whether to allow a vessel to enter port for a thorough inspection This data analysis and risk assessment supports effective enforcement by helping the port state make informed decisions on whether to allow a vessel to enter port, as well as informing buyers on the possible risks identified for that shipment. If risks are adequately mitigated at this stage, the authorities will allow entry to port for inspection

Target inspection in port Risks further mitigated by onboard inspection Check logbooks Check hatch temperature logbooks Check original documents Master / crew interview Check emails Port declarations Transhipment declarations Navigation devices Allow or deny offload

Lessons learnt Need for rapid and quality pre-arrival analysis Frequent missing data which needs follow-up action (time-consuming) Need for partnerships to quickly attain missing data Ability to swiftly research other fisheries regions IUU lists have limitations - this analysis detects ongoing problems that won't have led to IUU listing yet IUU Lists don't provide much value as they are mainly about poor prosecutions and government response. This is about ongoing problems that won't have led to IUU listing. IUU listing does NOT equal possible IUU fishing.

PORTSTATES.ORG Concept for a national-level tool to assist implementation of PSMA through public-private partnerships Web-based service for governments, seafood suppliers and seafood receivers to collectively use in order to implement PSMA to share information, lower costs, and increase compliance Portal to conduct pre-arrival analysis of vessel of interest activities and reporting of risks Engaging the private sector in the risk assessment process to know and understand the legitimacy or risks of the products they are purchasing Web-based service for governments, seafood suppliers and seafood receivers to collectively use in order to implement Port State Measures to share information, lower costs, and increase compliance. Portal to conduct pre-arrival analysis of vessel of interest activities Compliance risks identified using the pre-arrival AREP analysis Automated reporting of risks and overall risk assessment Engaging the private sector in the risk assessment process to know and understand the legitimacy or risks of the products they are purchasing.

PORTSTATES.ORG USER GROUPS Suppliers Simplified way to enter information Incorporate other information on labour, health, and customs Update inputs to validate claims Port State Governments Distribute automated indicators of non-compliance to authorities Inspectors can use risk profiling to target inspections Notification of arrivals that have not been declared Flag / Coastal State Governments Method to securely communicate and receive additional information Must be aligned with PSMA information exchange mechanism Receivers/ Processors/ Retailers Receiver knows the risks Claims validated Access to the risk assessments provide 3rd party validation SUPPLIERS: Update inputs, such as permit authorisations, transhipments reports, or VMS data to validate claims PORT STATES GOVERNMENTS Notification of arrivals that have not been declared using other data (e.g AIS) Receivers/ Processors/ Retailers Receiver knows what risks the government has been made aware of Receiver entering of information from a supplier to have the claims validated to identify risk specifically, Article 6 of the PSMA (Cooperation and exchange of information) calls for each party to cooperate and exchange information with other states, regional fisheries bodies, and other intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) to support the conservation and management measures of other states Encourage a culture of compliance across the global seafood supply chain by delivering benefits through compliance to all stakeholders from the owners of the resource in the coastal state all the way to the retailers selling the product to consumers. Leverages PSMA to be more market driven Heightens shipment level knowledge in supply chains Creates transparency on compliance risks that governments may accept but buyers won’t Foster collaboration between all parties Cross-reference and validate large amounts data, including open source and proprietary track movements Provide vessel identity and owner/operator information to highlight inconsistencies or abnormalities that may indicate risk Facilitate sharing of the relevant information to all concerned parties Encourage a culture of compliance across the global seafood supply chain by delivering benefits through compliance to all stakeholder NEXT STEPS Working with Thai DOF and industry to build prototype based on cooperation to date Look for other governmental and industry partners that are interested in trialling the concept

Thank You bso@oceanmind.global