6.4 Artisanal, modern and contemporary industries

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6.4 Artisanal, modern and contemporary industries 1

6.4 Artisanal, modern and contemporary industries From a historical point of view manufacturing of raw materials can be divided into different periods: Before 1770: Artisanal industry 1770-1950: Modern industry 1770-1850: First industrial revolution 1850-1950: Second industrial revolution 1950-nowadays: Contemporary industry (Third industrial Revolution)

6.4 Artisanal, modern and contemporary industries Before 1770: Artisanal industry Artisanal industry was undertaken by hand, with traditional tools and animal or human energy sources. Artisans worked in small workshops and created unique products. It was located in the center of the cities.

6.4 Artisanal, modern and contemporary industries 1770-1850: First industrial revolution Modern industry appeared in Great Britain. Steam machine was the most important improvement. Coal became the most used energy source. Manufacture was undertaken in factories out of the city center and the products were abundant, cheap and homogenous.

6.4 Artisanal, modern and contemporary industries

6.4 Artisanal, modern and contemporary industries 1850-1950: Second industrial revolution In the mid 19th metallurgy and chemical industries developed in Europe. Electricity started to be the main power force in factories and energy sources like oil became important for the industrial activity. Industries were concentrated in the outskirts of the big cities in industrial estates.

6.4 Artisanal, modern and contemporary industries

6.4 Artisanal, modern and contemporary industries From mid 20th century: Contemporary industry The innovations that led to the Third Industrial revolution were: New technologies: microelectronics, computer systems… Industrial robots New materials New energy sources: nuclear and renewable New industrial sectors: telematics, aeronautics, biotechnology…

6.4 Artisanal, modern and contemporary industries Traditional industries (those that had appeared during the first and second industrial revolutions) underwent a crisis in the 1970s with three main consequences: Reconversion Reindustrialisation Relocation/offshoring

6.4 Artisanal, modern and contemporary industries In developed countries high-tech industries have been established in science parks. In recently industrialised countries (emerging) big complexes that combine industry with offices have been created.