Aim: What are the 3 classes of elements? Do Now: Explain in terms of valence electrons why beryllium and magnesium have similar chemical properties.

Three Classes of Elements 1.Metals Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals Transition Metals Inner Transition Metals 2.Metalloids 3.Nonmetals Halogen Noble Gases

Location on Periodic Table Metals to the left of metalloids Metalloids on stair-steps Nonmetals to the right of metalloids **Hydrogen is a nonmetal

Based on the images of a metal, nonmetal, and metalloid, try to fill in as much of the table Metals Nonmetals Metalloids

Properties of Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Appearance Shiny/luster dull Can be shiny or dull Hardness Hard Brittle Malleability Malleable Not malleable Ductility Ductile Not ductile Conduction Good conductor of heat and electricity Poor conductor of heat and electricity Good conductor of electricity Poor conductor of heat State of Matter at room temp/ Solid (except mercury is a liquid) Some gases Some solid Only bromine is a liquid solid Density High Low Medium Melting/Boiling Point

Alkali Metals and Alkaline Earth Metal Alkali Metals Group 1 Alkaline Earth Metals Group 2 Most active metals react vigorously with water to produce H2(g) Reactivity increases as you go down this group Second most active metals

Sodium + Water http://www.popsci.com/watch-sodium-explode-water-10000-frames-second http://www.teachertube.com/video/hydrogen-74843

Transition Metals and Inner Transition Metals Groups 3-12 hard solids, exception mercury (Hg) is a liquid high melting points Form colored compounds. less reactive than alkali metals

Transition Metals in Compounds

Metalloids They can be found adjacent to the stair-step line in the periodic table. Have physical properties similar to those of metals and chemical properties nonmetals.

Metalloids Cont. boron (B) silicon (Si) germanium (Ge) arsenic (As) antimony (Sb) tellurium (Te) polonium (Po)

Halogens Group 17 have 7 valence electrons most active non-metals Chemical reactivity decreases as you go down the group Form diatomic (2 atoms bonded) molecules

Properties of Halogens Reactivity decreases as you go down a group.

Noble Gases Group 18 Colorless gases Do not chemically react with other elements (inert or stable) because of full outer shell Have 8 electrons in the valence shell which is a very stable electron configuration Considered a full outer shell Usually do not bond with other atoms Are monoatomic (un-bonded single atoms)

Which nonmetal is more reactive, fluorine or neon? Explain. Although neon has just one more electron than fluorine in its outer energy level, that one electron makes a huge difference. Fluorine needs one more electron to fill its outer energy level in order to have the most stable arrangement of electrons. Therefore, fluorine readily accepts an electron from any element that is equally “eager” to give one up, such as the metal lithium or sodium. As a result, fluorine is highly reactive. In fact, reactions with fluorine are often explosive. Neon, on the other hand, already has a full outer energy level. It is already very stable and never reacts with other elements. It neither accepts nor gives up electrons. Neon doesn’t even react with fluorine, which reacts with all other elements except helium.