Population: Canada and the World Chapter 13: pages 316 - 338

Demography: The study of human populations. It helps us understand the consequences of population change

The Census In Canada we have a census every ten years, and a minor one every five. economic and social data. You MUST complete it! It’s the law!

Developed / Developing Censuses are a good way to gather information in developed countries Developed countries have a high amount of wealth and technology – can make sure their data is up to date and accurate Developing countries do not usually have enough technology to keep accurate data

It’s difficult to compare countries with different populations, so when we talk about births and deaths, we talk about rates per 1000.

exponential rate

Population depends on births, deaths, and migrations.

Doubling Time refers to how long it takes a population to double in size.

The Rule of 70 Doubling time is approximately equal to seventy divided by the growth rate (in percent) per year

Rule of 70 Practice Gabon: 1.5% growth rate. How long to double? Mexico: 15.5% natural increase Canada: -5.5 natural increase

Effects of Migration

Important Terms for Calculations Crude Birth Rate doubling time Crude Death Rate rule of 70 exponential rate immigration rate emigration rae net migration rate

Use this website to do some practice calculations! http://data.worldbank.org/

Homework Read: pages 316 - 322 Questions, using the World Data Bank… Which country has a higher birth rate: Pakistan or Mexico? What is Germany’s rate of increase? What is Thailand’s doubling time?

Demographic Revolution

Why do different places have different life expectancies? health care clean water infrastructure education industry

Demographic Transition Model Page 324

Age Structure and Population Pyramids Age Structure: The formation of the population of a country based on age group Divide population into three groups: Children 0-14 Working adults 15-64 Elderly adults 65 and older

Dependency Ratio A dependency ratio compares the working population to those who are dependent and need help

Changing Dependency Ratios

Population Pyramids

Population Pyramids A population pyramid shows a breakdown of population by sex and age, grouped into cohorts of 5 years It can show how a country’s population might change

Growing or Shrinking? Developing or Developed?

Canada needed immigrants!

Which pyramid shows: high birth and death rates, insufficient nutrition, high infant mortality rates

45. Which of the following factors is typical at Stage 4? A. decreased adult literacy B. increase in fertility rates C. decreased access to food supply D. increase in demand for medical services

Provincial Question What factor contributes most to Canada’s present population growth? A. fertility rate B. immigration C. natural increase D. infant mortality rate

Which of the following concepts is associated with this statement? “An ever-increasing percentage of our population is retired from the workforce. This will pose major challenges for our nation’s social security programs in the future. “ Which of the following concepts is associated with this statement? A. doubling time B. multilateral aid C. dependency ratio D. population density

Homework Read Pages 322 - 331 Questions Draw the Demographic Transition Model. Explain why countries change from Stage 1 to Stage 2. Which stage is Canada in? What did we do as a result? Explain what you can learn from looking at a country’s population pyramid.

Where do 7 billion people live?

More Terms! Population distribution: the way people are spaced, where they are Population density: the number of people in an area. Crude density: calculated by dividing population by area. (Note: Not always useful! Not many people live in the middle of Australia!) Nutritional Density: How many calories can be produced on the land. ecumene: permanently inhabited places

Nutritional Density

C. population distribution D. environmental catastrophes 46. Which concept does this map best illustrate? A. water usage B. net migration C. population distribution D. environmental catastrophes

Provincial Question Which country has the highest population density? A. Russia B. Japan C. Saudi Arabia D. Kenya Country (millions) Land Area (thou sq km) Russia 144 17,098 Japan 126 377 Saudi Arabia 31 2,149 Kenya 45 581

Case Study: One Child Policy In 1949, Mao Zedong encouraged higher population to make China great. By 1972, they had 852 million people.

Case Study: One Child Policy After Mao’s death, the Chinese government created the One Child Policy. People with more than one child were fined.

Case Study: One Child Policy By 1980, the population was halved. However, infanticide had become a problem. Many families wanted boys.

Case Study: Thomas Malthus Thomas Malthus was an economist in England in 1798. England’s population was growing quickly. He predicted famine, as people outgrew the food supply.

Case Study: Thomas Malthus However, after the Industrial Revolution, people could grow more food from less land. England’s carrying capacity rose! Carrying capacity is the number of people that can be supported by an area.

Case Study: Thomas Malthus Today, some people called Ne0-Malthusians think we are approaching the earth’s carrying capacity. Could another innovation save us? Could changing habits? Could anything?

Homework Read pages 331 - 338 Questions: How does population distribution correspond to nutritional density? How did China change their population growth? Do you think this was a good idea? Why or why not? Do you think the world can find a way to support more people, or are we heading for disaster? Explain your reasoning.