1. In a monohybrid cross of true breeders, the expected phenotype frequencies are F1 and F2 are:

2. Which of the following is true? A. “Or” statements signal to multiply probabilities B. In the ZZ/ZW system, females are the homogametic sex C. Wild-type phenotypes are always dominant D. In the XX/XY system, males are hemizygous for X-linked traits

3. In a cross between AAbbCcDdEE x aaBBCcDdee, what is the probability of an AaBbCCddEe offspring?

4. In pea plants, tall allele T is dominant to short allele t, and yellow allele Y is dominant to green allele y. In the cross of TtYy x ttyy, what is the frequency of a tall offspring with green or yellow peas? A. 1 B. 1/4 C. 1/2 D. 0

5. In dogs, brown fur is dominant to yellow, and long tail is dominant to curly tail. Determine the parent genotypes given the following: Parents: Brown, long x brown, curly Puppies: 3/8 brown, long; 1/8 yellow, long; 3/8 brown, curly; 1/8 yellow, curly A. BbLl x Bbll B. BBLL x bbll C. BbLl x BbLl D. BbLl x bbLl

6. In a cross of AaBB x aaBb, what is the frequency of offspring with aaBB genotype? D. 1/4

7. A nondisjunction during spermatogenesis could produce which of the following phenotypes? i. Turner’s Syndrome ii. Klinefelter’s Syndrome iii. Triplo-X Syndrome iv. Familial Down’s A. i, ii, iii B. i, ii C. ii only D. i, ii, iii, iv

8. Which is necessary to induce male fetal development? A. Dominant TDF allele B. A Y chromosome C. The SRY gene D. A beard

9. Which is true regarding X-linked traits? A. More males show recessive, X-linked phenotypes than females B. Males always inherit the trait from their father C. Females are hemizygous for X-linked traits D. Mothers pass the trait to all their sons, but not their daughters

10. A true breeding, broad legged female fruit fly and a true breeding narrow legged male fly produced the following offspring: F1: 1/2 narrow females, 1/2 broad males F2: 1/4 broad female, 1/4 narrow female, 1/4 broad male, 1/4 narrow male Is the leg shape gene autosomal or sex linked? Is the broad allele dominant or recessive? A. Sex-linked, dominant B. Sex-linked, recessive C. Autosomal, dominant D. Autosomal, recessive

11. Joe and Caroline are both blood type B 11. Joe and Caroline are both blood type B. If Joe and Caroline have a child, what blood type could the child possibly be? A. B only B. AB or B C. B or O D. B, AB, or O

12. In butterflies, antenna length is an X-linked trait and wing color is autosomal. Long antenna is dominant to short, and monarch wings are dominant to black wings. A true breeding long, monarch female is mated with a true breeding short, black male. What is the frequency of F2 short, black, male offspring? A. 1/2 B. 1/8 C. 3/16 D. 1/16

13. Brown feathering is a dominant trait in starlings 13.Brown feathering is a dominant trait in starlings. All starlings that inherit a brown allele will have brown feathers, but the color will vary from dark chestnut to a light beige. What effect is being demonstrated? A. Epistasis B. Variable expressivity C. Sex-limited trait D. Variable penetrance

14. Which blood trait demonstrates epistasis? A. Bombay phenotype B. ABO blood type C. MN blood type D. Rhesus factor

15. Pattern baldness is a dominant trait in males, but recessive in females. If a normal male and bald female have children, what proportions of the sons and daughters will be bald? A. ½ bald sons, all normal daughters B. ½ bald sons, ½ bald daughters C. All normal sons, all bald daughters D. All bald sons, all normal daughters

16. If a certain trait is sex-limited, comparing phenotypes and genotypes of individuals would reveal: A. The trait is much more common in one sex than the other B. The trait is determined by the mother’s genotype, regardless of offspring genotype C. The trait is only observed in one sex D. The trait is variable and inherited through mitochondrial DNA

17. Quantity of nuts produced by a walnut tree is a quantitative character determined by the interaction of 3 independent genes. Each dominant allele produces more nuts and has an additive effect. If a cross is performed between two true breeding trees, how many of the F2 trees will exactly resemble a P generation tree? A. 1/16 B. 1/64 C. 1/256 D. 1/8

18. Consider ABO blood type, MN blood type, and the Bombay phenotype 18. Consider ABO blood type, MN blood type, and the Bombay phenotype. Which genetic phenomenon is not represented? A. Incomplete dominance B. Multiple alleles C. Codominance D. Epistasis

19. Human females can display chimeric phenotypes due to random formation of a Barr body in early fetal development. Which sex genotype could also exhibit chimerism? A. XYY male B. Turner female C. Familial Down male D. Kilnefelter Male

20. In a species of voles, the paternal copy of a particular autosomal gene is always silenced, regardless of the specific alleles of the homologs. This is an example of: A. Genetic maternal effect B. Cytoplasmic inheritance C. Genetic imprinting D. Sex-limited traits