The ‘State of European Cities Report’ Corinne Hermant-de Callataÿ corinne.hermant@ec.europa.eu National Urban Audit Coordinators, 23-24 April, Brussels

It was won by ECOTEC/Nordregio/ Eurofutures consortium 1. Context and Aim Commission launched a call for tenders to interpret and add-value to the UA data It was won by ECOTEC/Nordregio/ Eurofutures consortium Data available for 1991, 1996 and 2001 Study carried out between December 2005 – January 2007

Contents The study: timing and table of content Context and aim Today’s Patterns of Population Change How much do Cities contribute to Competitiveness, Growth and Jobs? Some conclusions

2. Introducing the State of European Cities report Main deliverables of the study: State of European Cities Report (Public) Case Studies Country profiles (Public) Strength and Weakness Report

6 December delivery of version 4 Milestones 6 December delivery of version 4 Comments from Commission by end of January 2007 Translation of the executive summary in DE, ES, FR, IT and PT Publication end of May Availability on the Internet end of May

State of European Cities Report TOC Competitiveness of Cities Economic analysis Typologies Pathways Living in Cities (cohesion & Quality of life) Employment, immigration, households, education Power of Cities Responsibilities, autonomy, budget, government structure

2. Today’s Patterns of Population Change 1.0 Introduction 2.0 Growth and stagnation of European Cities

…Ageing: increasing numbers of senior citizens co-incide with a stagnant population, with some exceptions… Population of Europe’s cities has been growing with 0.35% per year – twice the average national growth rate Both national and regional contexts matter a lot – smaller cities can do less to influence their surroundings Net population change masks various underlying demographic trends and patterns The ageing population as an overarching trend – the faster a city grows the lower its share of elderly people Migration as an important factor – larger cities attract more migrants from greater distances than smaller towns Ageing population and migration are intertwined – and difficult to unravel Many underlying patterns can take place at the same time – the dominant factors vary from city to city

…Larger cities attract more migrants from greater distances…

… Overall, urban growth in Nordic countries has been positive…

…The urban patterns of Western Europe are varied…

….The overall trend for cities in Central & Eastern Europe has been population loss…

… Many Southern European cities have been growing…

3. How much do Cities contribute to Competitiveness, Growth and Jobs? 3.0 The competitiveness of cities In almost all EU countries, cities are the foremost producers of knowledge and innovation In larger cities, GDP figures are 60-80% higher than their national averages Smaller cities tend to lag, but show stronger growth rates Service sector employment accounts for 80-90% of all jobs

…According to the Lisbon benchmark, most of Europe’s high performers are located in the north and centre of the Union…

…National and urban economic performance are often intertwined…

…Drivers of urban competitiveness: the role of talent and connectivity…

Typologies and GDP level Knowledge hubs – key players in the global economy, positioned above the national urban hierarchy and in the forefront of international industry, business and financial services based on high levels of talent and well-connected to the world. Established capitals – firmly positioned at the top of national urban hierarchies, with a diversified economic base and concentrations of wealth Re-invented capitals – champions of transition, engines of economic activity for the New Member States National service hubs fulfil key national functions and often some capital functions in the (public) services sector Transformation poles – with a strong industrial past, but well on their way to manage change and develop new economic activities Gateways – larger cities with dedicated infrastructure, handling large flows of international goods and passengers Modern industrial centres – the platforms of multinational activities as well as local companies exporting abroad; Research centres – including science and technology related corporate activities; well-connected to the international world Visitor centres – handling large flows of persons from national or international origin, geared towards tourism. De-industralised cities – having a strong (heavy) industrial basis, which is in decline or recession Regional market centres – fulfilling a central role in their region, particularly in terms of personal, business and financial services, including hotels/trade/restaurants Regional public service centres – fulfil a central role in their region, particularly in administration, health and education Satellite towns – carved out particular roles in larger agglomerations

Typologies and Employment levels Criteria: Size Economic structure Economic performance Key drivers of competitiveness Limitations: A complimentary tool to better understand urban dynamics City types are defined by their core rather than by their boundaries Cities may recognise themselves in more than one grouping

Typologies and Education levels

Typologies and Accessibility

4. Some conclusions Underlying demographic trends are masked by net population changes: need to better understand the relation between ageing and migration at city level Typologies as a tool to better compare cities and for co-operation between cities Further work should be done on drivers of competitiveness and on power of cities Urban Audit as a unique (under-explored) source of information for making comparisons across Europe or focusing on countries.

Thank you