Unit #3-4 Review Ms. Ross

Review Constitutional Principles Amendment Handout

Principles and Preamble of the Constitution Separation of Powers: power divided amongst the branches of government to prevent abuse Checks and Balances: branches check each others power Federalism: power broken into small governments Popular Sovereignty: the power of the government comes from the people Rule of Law/ Limited Government: everyone must follow the laws

Amendments Bill of Rights: meant to protect individual rights RAAPS Guns Quartering Troops Search and Seizure Double Jeopardy & Self Incrimination Speedy Trial/ Right to lawyer Trial by jury Cruel and unusual punishment People’s rights State’s rights

Amendments 14th: Public Education 13th, 14th, and 15th: During Civil War 18th: Prohibition Repealed by the 21st Amendment Process: Ratified by ¾ of states Difficult: agreed upon all states

Court Cases Marbury V. Madison: establishes judicial review Korematsu v. U.S.: established the government could limit our rights during times of war NJ v. TLO and Mapp v. Ohio: dealt with cases of search and seizure Roe v. Wade: legalized a woman’s right to abortion Swann v. CMS and Brown v. Board of Education: dealt with desegregation of public schools Plessy v. Ferguson: established separate but equal doctrine by later overturned by Brown v. Board

Legislative Branch Gov’t Body: Congress (Created in Connecticut Plan) Main Role: creates the laws Powers Establish courts Approve treaties Declare war Coin money Impeach & remove President Approve Pres. Appointments Levy taxes Franking Privilege: sending mail for free THESE ARE ALL EXPRESSED POWERS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Legislative Branch U.S. Senate Total in Congress = 100 senators How many per state = 2 per state Term Length: 6 year terms Age Requirement: 30 Years old Citizenship Requirement: 9 Year citizen House of Representatives Total in Congress = 435 house members Term Length: 2 year terms How many per state = depends on state population Age Requirement: 25 Years old Citizenship Requirement: 7 Year citizen

Legislative Branch Leaders of Congress Speaker of the House: Official Leader of the House of Representatives President of the Senate: The Vice President of the U.S. President Pro Tempore: Temporary leader of the Senate (Vice President is usually doing something else

Legislative Branch Bill to Law: - All laws originate in Congress. - A law must be introduced into either house of Congress. - Once a Bill is proposed it is referred to a standing committee. - Standing Committee’s are groups of politicians that meet regularly to discuss a specialized topic. -Ex. National Security Council, Judicial Committee

Legislative Branch Bill to Law: - A representative can stall a bill out through a filibuster. - A Filibuster refers to holding the floor and preventing a vote on a law. Once both the House and Senate have a version of the Bill it is sent to Conference Committee They create a compromise Bill that will pass both the House and Senate.

Executive Branch Includes the President and his cabinet Selected by the electoral college Line of command: Pres., VP, Speaker of the House Requirement of President: To carry out/enforce the nation’s laws. Qualifications to be President 35 yrs old Natural Born Citizen (Born IN the US, or, parents citizens when he is born) 14 years resident

Executive Branch 7 Roles of the President Chief Executive- enforces the law Judicial Leader- appoints judges, pardons Chief Diplomat– foreign relations Commander-in-Chief- head of military Legislative Leader- suggests legislation Head of State- symbol of the nation Party Leader-leads his party

Judicial Branch Established by Article III of the Constitution The Constitution is the Supreme Law of the Land (Supremacy Clause) Supreme Court has final interpretation of the Constitution Courts establish precedent to guide later cases Supreme Court Justices are appointed by the President and approved by the Senate 8 Justices, 1 Chief Justice

State and Local Government NC Governor is head of the executive Must be 30 years old 4 year term, 2 consecutive terms Unlimited number of terms Can line-item veto: veto parts of a bill The General Assembly is like Congress Bicameral, 2 houses Local Government: Zoning Annexation: expands taxes