THE POWER OF DATA & VALUE OF SMART CHARGING

About us Focus on the leading monitoring solution for the electric buses Founded in 2012 Amsterdam, Netherlands (HQ) USA California & South Carolina Market leader in Europe and North America About 1200 electric buses connected Worldclass customers

System approach Electric bus operations consists of differnet parts Planning Buses Charging stations Monitoring

Stakeholder Different stakeholders with different needs Operations Achieving time tables and providing reliable service Energy management Maintenance Reliable and fault free buses Charging managing

Implications for the operations team

< unpredictable range > Energy management Good day: 300 KM Bad day: 200 KM < unpredictable range > Daily fluctuating energy consumption Limited information at control center level

Operations center – Current situation ? ? ? Remaining range Can the bus finish the block schedule? Schedule delay Can the bus continue without recharging? SOC Is the charging station available?

Operations center – Ideal situation Range OK for block planning 1 more route possible Charging station defect! Vehicle data essential to map Energy management Linking the data necessary to get Forecasts

Operations: Energy management responsibility Energy needs to be controlled from operations team, not from individual driver. Full coordination for all buses Full bus schedule is taken into account Bus driver does not have enough information (SOC only)

Operations: Use case data impact Vehicle data for operations team improved performance significantly 40% Installation of ViriCiti

Impact on Maintenance

Maintenance responsibilities Maintenance needs to take care of new responsibilities Vehicle management: Battery lifetime Faults & issues Charge management: Charge station overview Smart charging Battery health Charging stations Peak loads

Maintenance: Battery Lifetime Battery data gives direct insights in health and remaining range of vehicle Battery module degradation example: Battery only as strong as weakest module Battery degrades over time, range degrades over time! Important to monitor SOH over time! 20% of battery cannot be used anymore! 20% Let’s take the example of a broken battery here. My bus is fully charged While driving the battery is being used up to the moment where one pack reaches the lowest state of charge, and therefore the battery shuts down. Time

Maintenance: Charge Station Status Monitoring of charging stations is key to ensure a high reliability of bus operations Buses need to charge when connected Detect problem in real-time 80% of issues solved remotely Best practice: Charge stations should be able to communicate with back-offices via OCPP (1.6 or 2.0 preferred) OCPP

Maintenance: Smart Charging Making sure large bus fleets are charged on time, with the minimal costs and grid constraints What does smart charging do? Controls bus charging processes Load balance between chargers and maximum available grid capacity Why smart charging? Enables charging flexibility and efficiency Reduces utility costs (energy / peak load costs)

Maintenance: Smart Charging Use Case 3000 1500 03:00 06:00 09:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00 00:00 Scenario: Without smart charging : 60 buses Buses charge once back in depot Fixed charging speeds: 75 kW 150 kW Without smart charging

Maintenance: Smart Charging Use Case Scenario: With smart charging 60 buses Smart charging controls charging process Charging speed: variable 0-150 kW 3000 1500 40% lower peak load! 03:00 06:00 09:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00 00:00 Linking of vehicle data with planning data for calculating charging power Flexible regulation of charging power, with the possibility of integrating renewable energies

What changes with the operation of electric buses? Control center Depot Recharging Recharging Range Availability Availability Vehicle data becomes necessary across all departments Recharging system necessary (“Smart Charging")

Integrated structure: maximum efficiency Planning system Exchange data between different IT systems Combine data sources Defined interfaces (APIs) lead to a successful split of responsibilities API CAD / AVL Monitoring Yard management API API API Smart-Charging API = Interface

OEM independence One responsible party to manage interfaces (APIs) Planning system One responsible party to manage interfaces (APIs) One system for all vehicle and charging station types Same data requirements and calculations for different vehicle types (aligned datasets) CAD / AVL Yard management A B C D OEM Systeme verfolgen andere Interessen (Reduktion der After-Sales Kosten) als Betreiber (tiefe Integration mit unterschiedlichen Softwaresystemen) Smart-Charging

112 W Stone Ave, Suite B Greenville, SC 29609 United States Thank you for your attention! Contact information Address 112 W Stone Ave, Suite B Greenville, SC 29609 United States Telephone & e-mail a.schabert@viriciti.com +31(0) 20 771 78 17