ANGIOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

NOMENCLATURE OF ANGIOGRAPHIC VIEWS AP position RAO position LAO position Cranial position Caudal position

ANGIOGRAPHIC VIEWS FOR SPECIFIC CORONARY ARTERY SEGMENTS Left Main AP LAO cranial LAO caudal Proximal LAD LAO cranial RAO caudal Mid LAD LAO cranial RAO cranial Lateral Distal LAD AP Diagonal LAO cranial

Proximal circumflex RAO cranial LAO caudal Intermediate RAO caudal Obtuse marginal RAO caudal RAO cranial Proximal RCA LAO Lateral Mid RCA LAO RAO Distal RCA LAO cranial PDA LAO cranial Posterolateral LAO cranial

DEGREE OF ANGULATION Left Coronary Artery LAO - 300 - 450 Cranial - 200 - 300 Caudal - 200 - 300 RAO - 300 - 450 Right Coronary Artery Cranial - 150 - 200

COMMON ANGIOGRAPHIC VIEWS OF CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE Biplane cineangiography is require For VSD LAO - 500 – 600 Cranial - 200 – 300 For ASD (Hepatoclavicular angiographic view)

For transposition of great arteries(Laid back angiographic view) Steep AP caudal - 350 Proximal branch pulmonary artery anatomy Steep AP cranial - 350

Causes of Poor Angiograms PATIENT FACTORS Size Movement Hardware (Pacemaker, Harrison rods, multiple surgery with clips) Angiographer Factors Poor catheter seating Poor contrast injection Equipment Factors X-ray generated problem X-ray tube problem Image intensifier problem

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