Aim: Did Napoleon affirm the values of the French Revolution? Napoleon was 5’6 which was taller than the average Frenchman at the time (5’3). Historians believe that the belief Napoleon was short was due to British propaganda.

I Napoleon’s Early Career A) Born on the island of Corsica, Napoleon Bonaparte rapidly rose through the ranks of the military during the French Revolution (1789-1799). Under his leadership France defeated Austria in 1796. B) In 1797, the Directory, the 5 person group that had governed France since 1795, suggested Napoleon lead an invasion of England. Instead, he proposed an invasion of Egypt to hurt British trade routes with India. It was a military failure.

Future French empress Joséphine de Beauharnais was born on June 23, 1763, in French Martinique (in the Caribbean). Her 1st husband Alexandre de Beauharnais was executed in the Reign of Terror. THE DAY before her trial (and likely execution), the French government ended the terror. She later wed Napoleon Bonaparte in 1796. Napoleon eventually annuled the marriage when she could not bare him a son. (She was older than him). She died on May 29, 1814, in Malmaison, France.

Napoleon in Egypt “On July 1, 1798, Napoleon landed in Egypt with 400 ships and 54,000 men and proceeded to invade the country… it was a military failure but a cultural success. For, in addition to soldiers and sailors, Napoleon brought along 150… scientists, engineers and scholars whose responsibility was to capture… Egyptian culture and history... Most famously, ancient Egypt was discovered — the temples and tombs of Luxor, Philae, Dendera, and the Valley of the Kings. Each of these sites was measured, mapped, and drawn… Oh- and the Rosetta Stone was discovered! But… On August 1, 1798, Admiral Horatio Nelson's fleet decimated his forces in the Battle of the Nile...” – lindahall.org

Battle of the Pyramids by Antoine-Jean Gros

II Napoleon  Emperor In November 1799, Napoleon overthrew the 5 member French Directory in a coup. It was replaced with a 3 member Consulate, and Napoleon became first consul. In 1802, he made himself sole “Consul for Life.” In 1804 he crowned himself Emperor of France. As a result, Holy Roman Emperor Francis II proclaimed himself Emperor of Austria and allied with Britain.

Napoleon’s Bedroom, Fontainebleau

III The Reign of Napoleon A) From 1803 to 1815, France was engaged in the Napoleonic Wars, a series of major conflicts with coalitions of European nations. B) In 1803, partly as a means to raise funds for future wars, Napoleon sold France’s Louisiana Territory in North America to the United States for $15 million (the Louisiana Purchase).

The Reign of Napoleon Continued… C) October 1805, the British defeated Napoleon’s fleet at the Battle of Trafalgar off the coast of Spain. However, in December 1805, Napoleon won at the Battle of Austerlitz, against Austria and Russia dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire and the creation of the Confederation of the Rhine.

“The Plumb Pudding in Danger”

Before Napoleon, Germany was divided into hundreds of independent states and cities. The Confederation of the Rhine, formed in 1806, unified 16 German states who allied with Napoleon. It increased German nationalism.

The Reign of Napoleon I Continued… D) In 1806 Napoleon established the Continental System of blocking European ports from British trade. *Economic Warfare* Britain then made all trade ships proceed via British ports. The Continental System did financially hurt Britain, but it also hurt France. French custom' revenue fell and European nations had limited access to British goods: coffee, sugar, tobacco, cocoa, and cotton.

The Reign of Napoleon I Continued… E) Napoleon reestablished a French aristocracy (eliminated in the French Revolution) and handed out titles of nobility to his friends and family. F) Social Reforms: Napoleon established the Banque de France in 1800 The Concordat of 1801 reestablished the Roman Catholic Church in France. 3. Lycées (schools) were created in 1801, and divided into three types : classical studies, modern studies, and scientific-technological studies. 4. The Code Napoleon of 1803 reformed the French legal code to reflect the principles of the French Revolution, and to create one law code for France. It divided civil law into: Personal status. Property. The acquisition of property.

Napoleon’s Family Jerome Bonaparte  King of Westphalia. Joseph Bonaparte  King of Spain Louise Bonaparte  King of Holland Pauline Bonaparte  Princess of Italy Napoléon Francis Joseph Charles (son) King of Rome Elisa Bonaparte  Grand Duchess of Tuscany Caroline Bonaparte  Queen of Naples

IV The Downfall of Napoleon A) In 1810, Russia withdrew from the Continental System. In retaliation, Napoleon led a massive army into Russia in the summer of 1812. Retreating Russians set fires across the city, and Napoleon’s men were ill prepared for the Russian winter. It was a FAILURE.

Napoleon Gets His Butt Kicked In Russia!

The Downfall of Napoleon Continued… B) France lost the Peninsular War (1808-1814) in Spain, and the Battle of Leipzig in 1813 by Austria, Prussia, Russia and Sweden. C) April 6, 1814, Napoleon was forced to abdicate the throne. With the Treaty of Fontainebleau, he was exiled to Elba, an island off the coast of Italy.

The Downfall of Napoleon Continued… D) February 26, 1815, Napoleon escaped Elba and sailed to France. March 20, he returned to Paris. The new king, Louis XVIII (1755-1824), fled, and Napoleon began his Hundred Days campaign. A coalition of Austria, Britain, and Prussia prepared for war. June 1815, Napoleon invaded Belgium. On June 18, he lost the Battle of Waterloo. June 22, 1815, Napoleon was once again forced to abdicate. October 1815, Napoleon was exiled to the British island of Saint Helena, in the South Atlantic. He died May 5, 1821, at age 51.

A member of the Austrian Habsburg royal family, Marie Louise (1791 – 1847) married Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte and became the mother of his son, Napoleon II. When Napoleon abdicated as emperor, Marie did not join him in exile, instead taking control of the duchies of Parma, Piacena and Guastalla.

Summary Questions How did Napoleon become dictator of France? Describe the key events that led to his power claim. What were two of Napoleon’s greatest successes? How do you know? What were 2 of Napoleon's social reforms which had the greatest impact? What was the continental system? What was its purpose? Was it successful? Why or why not? Why did Napoleon want to invade Russia? Why was it a failure? Is there any way in which it could have been a success? How did Napoleon’s empire crumble? Could he have prevented it? Do you think Napoleon’s reign was positive or negative for France? Fill in your period 5 chart for Napoleon and define the key vocabulary.

Key Vocabulary/ Word Wall 100 Days Campaign Banque de France Battle of Waterloo Code Napoleon Confederation of the Rhine Corsica The Directory Elba First Consul Louisiana Purchase Lycees Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleonic Wars Rosetta Stone St. Helena